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Peak load reduction and load shaping in HVAC and refrigeration systems in commercial buildings by using a novel lightweight dynamic priority-based control strategy

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  • Winstead, Christopher
  • Bhandari, Mahabir
  • Nutaro, James
  • Kuruganti, Teja

Abstract

Reducing peak power demand in a building can reduce electricity expenses for the building owner and contribute to the efficiency and reliability of the electrical power grid. For the building owner, reduced expenses come from the reduction or elimination of peak power charges on electricity bills. For the power system operator, reducing peak power demand leads to a more predictable load profile and reduces stress on the electric grid system. We present a computationally inexpensive, dynamic, and retrofit-deployable control strategy to effect peak load reduction and load shaping. The effectiveness of the control strategy is examined in a simulation with 80 air-conditioning units and 40 refrigeration units. The results show that a peak demand reduction of 60 kW can be achieved relative to peak demand in a typical set point–based approach. The proposed strategy was deployed in a gymnasium building with four rooftop HVAC units, where it showed over 15% peak demand (kW) reduction savings while maintaining or lowering energy consumption (in kilowatt-hours) relative to the set point–based thermostat controls.

Suggested Citation

  • Winstead, Christopher & Bhandari, Mahabir & Nutaro, James & Kuruganti, Teja, 2020. "Peak load reduction and load shaping in HVAC and refrigeration systems in commercial buildings by using a novel lightweight dynamic priority-based control strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:277:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920310552
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115543
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhou, Yue & Wang, Chengshan & Wu, Jianzhong & Wang, Jidong & Cheng, Meng & Li, Gen, 2017. "Optimal scheduling of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads with renewable generation in the intraday electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 456-465.
    2. Lakshmanan, Venkatachalam & Marinelli, Mattia & Hu, Junjie & Bindner, Henrik W., 2016. "Provision of secondary frequency control via demand response activation on thermostatically controlled loads: Solutions and experiences from Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 470-480.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hwang, Hyunkyeong & Yoon, Ahyun & Yoon, Yongtae & Moon, Seungil, 2023. "Demand response of HVAC systems for hosting capacity improvement in distribution networks: A comprehensive review and case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    2. Xie, Kang & Hui, Hongxun & Ding, Yi & Song, Yonghua & Ye, Chengjin & Zheng, Wandong & Ye, Shuiquan, 2022. "Modeling and control of central air conditionings for providing regulation services for power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    3. Zheng, Zhuang & Pan, Jia & Huang, Gongsheng & Luo, Xiaowei, 2022. "A bottom-up intra-hour proactive scheduling of thermal appliances for household peak avoiding based on model predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).

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