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Scheduling model of electric vehicles charging considering inconvenience and dynamic electricity prices

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  • Zhou, Kaile
  • Cheng, Lexin
  • Lu, Xinhui
  • Wen, Lulu

Abstract

The electric vehicle (EV) industry has developed rapidly in the past decade, and the number of EVs has surged. When large scale EVs are connected to the power grid, the peak load of the power grid surges during the rush time of EV charging. The uncoordinated large scale of EV charging is harmful to the operation of the power system. Hence, dynamic pricing mechanisms have been proposed that use cost reduction as the motivation for EV owners to alter certain charging decisions. In this study, two optimal scheduling models for the charging of EVs, basic scheduling and recommendation models, are proposed to achieve cost minimization for EV owners in response to dynamic pricing. The basic scheduling model schedules the charging and discharging behaviours of EVs based on the connection and disconnection times of the EVs to the power grid. The costs involved in this model include the charging cost, discharging reward, degradation cost of EV battery, and parking fee. Based on the basic scheduling model, the proposed recommendation model recommends that the EV owner leave earlier to save on the parking fee, which may inconvenience the EV owner. This inconvenience is further considered in the costs, by measuring the coefficient of inconvenience to represent the time sensitivity of the EV owner. Finally, the comparison results of charging and discharging behaviours and the corresponding costs based on the two optimal scheduling models are sent to the EV owners. This can help EV owners, who have different degrees of sensitivity to time, to make optimal charging decisions. Moreover, the recommendation model can improve the utilization efficiency of charging facilities and relieve the pressure on them in the scheduling process when EVs are connected to the power grid on a large scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Kaile & Cheng, Lexin & Lu, Xinhui & Wen, Lulu, 2020. "Scheduling model of electric vehicles charging considering inconvenience and dynamic electricity prices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:276:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920309673
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115455
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    3. Nazari-Heris, Morteza & Loni, Abdolah & Asadi, Somayeh & Mohammadi-ivatloo, Behnam, 2022. "Toward social equity access and mobile charging stations for electric vehicles: A case study in Los Angeles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    4. Yao, Zhaosheng & Wang, Zhiyuan & Ran, Lun, 2023. "Smart charging and discharging of electric vehicles based on multi-objective robust optimization in smart cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    5. Phillip K. Agbesi & Rico Ruffino & Marko Hakovirta, 2023. "The development of sustainable electric vehicle business ecosystems," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(8), pages 1-59, August.
    6. Ming, Fangzhu & Gao, Feng & Liu, Kun & Li, Xingqi, 2023. "A constrained DRL-based bi-level coordinated method for large-scale EVs charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    7. Yin, Wanjun & Ji, Jianbo & Wen, Tao & Zhang, Chao, 2023. "Study on orderly charging strategy of EV with load forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    8. Tepe, Benedikt & Figgener, Jan & Englberger, Stefan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2022. "Optimal pool composition of commercial electric vehicles in V2G fleet operation of various electricity markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    9. Williams, B. & Bishop, D. & Hooper, G. & Chase, J.G., 2024. "Driving change: Electric vehicle charging behavior and peak loading," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    10. Pegah Alaee & Julius Bems & Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, 2023. "A Review of the Latest Trends in Technical and Economic Aspects of EV Charging Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-28, April.

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