IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v235y2019icp1637-1650.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impacts of electric vehicles on the electricity generation portfolio – A Scandinavian-German case study

Author

Listed:
  • Taljegard, M.
  • Göransson, L.
  • Odenberger, M.
  • Johnsson, F.

Abstract

This study investigates how electrification of the Scandinavian and German road transportation sectors under a stringent CO2 cap will influence investments in new electricity generation capacity up to Year 2050 and the dispatch of the electricity generation portfolio in Year 2030. We apply a cost-minimisation investment model and an electricity dispatch model of the Scandinavian and German electricity systems, assuming both optimised charging and a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging strategy for passenger electric vehicles (EVs). Different EV battery sizes and EV deployment levels are investigated in 11 different scenarios, whereby two of the scenarios include also electric trucks and buses using electric road systems (ERS). The results of the modelling show that with a cap on CO2 emissions, the additional electricity demand from an electrified road transport sector is met mainly by increases in the outputs from wind power and thermal power plants, in the form of coal in combination with carbon capture and storage. In Year 2030, wind power generation in Scandinavia and Germany increases by 7–30% depending on the EV scenario, as compared to a scenario without EVs, which corresponds to a few more percentage points than the increased demand from EVs in absolute terms. Furthermore, a V2G charging strategy for passenger EVs smoothens the net load curve and almost completely reduces the need for peak power capacity in the Scandinavian-German electricity system. The value of investing in solar power is also reduced in all the EV scenarios by 22–42%, as compared to a scenario without EVs. This is due to the fact that in Northern Europe solar power competes with EVs for peak power supply. ERS for mainly trucks and buses will increase the current load profile by up to 18 GW in the Scandinavian-German electricity system.

Suggested Citation

  • Taljegard, M. & Göransson, L. & Odenberger, M. & Johnsson, F., 2019. "Impacts of electric vehicles on the electricity generation portfolio – A Scandinavian-German case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1637-1650.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:235:y:2019:i:c:p:1637-1650
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.133
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918316970
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.133?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Göransson, Lisa & Karlsson, Sten & Johnsson, Filip, 2010. "Integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in a regional wind-thermal power system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5482-5492, October.
    2. Taljegard, M. & Göransson, L. & Odenberger, M. & Johnsson, F., 2017. "Spacial and dynamic energy demand of the E39 highway – Implications on electrification options," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 681-692.
    3. Nahmmacher, Paul & Schmid, Eva & Hirth, Lion & Knopf, Brigitte, 2016. "Carpe diem: A novel approach to select representative days for long-term power system modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 430-442.
    4. Kjarstad, Jan & Johnsson, Filip, 2007. "The European power plant infrastructure--Presentation of the Chalmers energy infrastructure database with applications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3643-3664, July.
    5. Lund, Henrik & Kempton, Willett, 2008. "Integration of renewable energy into the transport and electricity sectors through V2G," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 3578-3587, September.
    6. Andersson, S.-L. & Elofsson, A.K. & Galus, M.D. & Göransson, L. & Karlsson, S. & Johnsson, F. & Andersson, G., 2010. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as regulating power providers: Case studies of Sweden and Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(6), pages 2751-2762, June.
    7. Reichenberg, Lina & Hedenus, Fredrik & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2018. "Tailoring large-scale electricity production from variable renewable energy sources to accommodate baseload generation in europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 334-346.
    8. Jochem, Patrick & Babrowski, Sonja & Fichtner, Wolf, 2015. "Assessing CO2 emissions of electric vehicles in Germany in 2030," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 68-83.
    9. Göransson, Lisa & Goop, Joel & Unger, Thomas & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2014. "Linkages between demand-side management and congestion in the European electricity transmission system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 860-872.
    10. Hadley, Stanton W. & Tsvetkova, Alexandra A., 2009. "Potential Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Regional Power Generation," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 22(10), pages 56-68, December.
    11. Nyholm, Emil & Goop, Joel & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2016. "Solar photovoltaic-battery systems in Swedish households – Self-consumption and self-sufficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 148-159.
    12. Goop, Joel & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2017. "The effect of high levels of solar generation on congestion in the European electricity transmission grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1128-1140.
    13. Weiller, Claire, 2011. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on hourly electricity demand in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3766-3778, June.
    14. Schill, Wolf-Peter & Gerbaulet, Clemens, 2015. "Power System Impacts of Electric Vehicles in Germany: Charging with Coal or Renewables," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 156, pages 185-196.
    15. Odenberger, M. & Unger, T. & Johnsson, F., 2009. "Pathways for the North European electricity supply," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1660-1677, May.
    16. Hedegaard, Karsten & Ravn, Hans & Juul, Nina & Meibom, Peter, 2012. "Effects of electric vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 356-368.
    17. Verzijlbergh, Remco & Brancucci Martínez-Anido, Carlo & Lukszo, Zofia & de Vries, Laurens, 2014. "Does controlled electric vehicle charging substitute cross-border transmission capacity?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 169-180.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Maria Taljegard & Lisa Göransson & Mikael Odenberger & Filip Johnsson, 2019. "Electric Vehicles as Flexibility Management Strategy for the Electricity System—A Comparison between Different Regions of Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Maria Taljegard & Lisa Göransson & Mikael Odenberger & Filip Johnsson, 2021. "To Represent Electric Vehicles in Electricity Systems Modelling—Aggregated Vehicle Representation vs. Individual Driving Profiles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, January.
    3. Goop, Joel & Nyholm, Emil & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2021. "Impact of electricity market feedback on investments in solar photovoltaic and battery systems in Swedish single-family dwellings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1078-1091.
    4. Schill, Wolf-Peter & Gerbaulet, Clemens, 2015. "Power System Impacts of Electric Vehicles in Germany: Charging with Coal or Renewables," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 156, pages 185-196.
    5. Aghaei, Jamshid & Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel & Rabiee, Abdorreza & Rahimi, Ehsan, 2016. "Contribution of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in power system uncertainty management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 450-458.
    6. Boynuegri, A.R. & Uzunoglu, M. & Erdinc, O. & Gokalp, E., 2014. "A new perspective in grid connection of electric vehicles: Different operating modes for elimination of energy quality problems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 435-451.
    7. Göransson, Lisa & Goop, Joel & Unger, Thomas & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2014. "Linkages between demand-side management and congestion in the European electricity transmission system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 860-872.
    8. Schill, Wolf-Peter, 2011. "Electric Vehicles in Imperfect Electricity Markets: The case of Germany," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 39(10), pages 6178-6189.
    9. Zack Norwood & Joel Goop & Mikael Odenberger, 2017. "The Future of the European Electricity Grid Is Bright: Cost Minimizing Optimization Shows Solar with Storage as Dominant Technologies to Meet European Emissions Targets to 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-31, December.
    10. Ensslen, Axel & Ringler, Philipp & Dörr, Lasse & Jochem, Patrick & Zimmermann, Florian & Fichtner, Wolf, 2018. "Incentivizing smart charging: Modeling charging tariffs for electric vehicles in German and French electricity markets," MPRA Paper 91543, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Feb 2018.
    11. Keller, Victor & English, Jeffrey & Fernandez, Julian & Wade, Cameron & Fowler, McKenzie & Scholtysik, Sven & Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Donald, James & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Crawford, Curran , 2019. "Electrification of road transportation with utility controlled charging: A case study for British Columbia with a 93% renewable electricity target," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Nurre, Sarah G. & Bent, Russell & Pan, Feng & Sharkey, Thomas C., 2014. "Managing operations of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) exchange stations for use with a smart grid," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 364-377.
    13. Taljegard, M. & Göransson, L. & Odenberger, M. & Johnsson, F., 2017. "Spacial and dynamic energy demand of the E39 highway – Implications on electrification options," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 681-692.
    14. Hanemann, Philipp & Behnert, Marika & Bruckner, Thomas, 2017. "Effects of electric vehicle charging strategies on the German power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 608-622.
    15. Doluweera, Ganesh & Hahn, Fabian & Bergerson, Joule & Pruckner, Marco, 2020. "A scenario-based study on the impacts of electric vehicles on energy consumption and sustainability in Alberta," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Li, Ying & Davis, Chris & Lukszo, Zofia & Weijnen, Margot, 2016. "Electric vehicle charging in China’s power system: Energy, economic and environmental trade-offs and policy implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 535-554.
    17. Weiller, C. & Neely, A., 2014. "Using electric vehicles for energy services: Industry perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 194-200.
    18. Goop, Joel & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2017. "The effect of high levels of solar generation on congestion in the European electricity transmission grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1128-1140.
    19. Richardson, David B., 2013. "Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 247-254.
    20. Jelica, D. & Taljegard, M. & Thorson, L. & Johnsson, F., 2018. "Hourly electricity demand from an electric road system – A Swedish case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 141-148.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:235:y:2019:i:c:p:1637-1650. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.