IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v253y2019ic50.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electrification of road transportation with utility controlled charging: A case study for British Columbia with a 93% renewable electricity target

Author

Listed:
  • Keller, Victor
  • English, Jeffrey
  • Fernandez, Julian
  • Wade, Cameron
  • Fowler, McKenzie
  • Scholtysik, Sven
  • Palmer-Wilson, Kevin
  • Donald, James
  • Robertson, Bryson
  • Wild, Peter
  • Crawford, Curran
  • Rowe, Andrew

Abstract

To mitigate emissions from the electricity and transportation sectors, large scale deployment of renewable energy generators and battery electric vehicles are expected in the coming decades. However, adoption of these technologies may exacerbate issues related to mismatch of electricity supply and demand. In this study, we utilize a hybrid capacity expansion and dispatch model to quantify grid impacts of the conversion of the entire road vehicle fleet to electric vehicles by 2050. We examine impacts of policies, such as targeting a renewable energy penetration of 93%, using British Columbia as a case study. Scenarios making use of utility controlled charging of vehicles to balance supply and demand are further analyzed. Results show that although electrifying the entire road vehicle fleet will require generation capacity to increase by up to 60%, relative to a scenario without electrification, levelized cost of electricity only increases by 9% in the same scenario due to availability of low cost generation options such as wind and solar. We also find that a 93% renewable energy target leads to carbon abatement costs 30% lower than a scenario where this policy is removed. Further use of utility controlled charging reduces total system capacity up to 7%.

Suggested Citation

  • Keller, Victor & English, Jeffrey & Fernandez, Julian & Wade, Cameron & Fowler, McKenzie & Scholtysik, Sven & Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Donald, James & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Crawford, Curran , 2019. "Electrification of road transportation with utility controlled charging: A case study for British Columbia with a 93% renewable electricity target," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:253:y:2019:i:c:50
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113536
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919312103
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113536?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E. & Dagoumas, Athanasios S., 2018. "State-of-the-art generation expansion planning: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 563-589.
    2. Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Donald, James & Robertson, Bryson & Lyseng, Benjamin & Keller, Victor & Fowler, McKenzie & Wade, Cameron & Scholtysik, Sven & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew, 2019. "Impact of land requirements on electricity system decarbonisation pathways," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 193-205.
    3. Lyon, Thomas P. & Michelin, Mark & Jongejan, Arie & Leahy, Thomas, 2012. "Is “smart charging” policy for electric vehicles worthwhile?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 259-268.
    4. Kelly, Jarod C. & MacDonald, Jason S. & Keoleian, Gregory A., 2012. "Time-dependent plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging based on national driving patterns and demographics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 395-405.
    5. Nahmmacher, Paul & Schmid, Eva & Hirth, Lion & Knopf, Brigitte, 2016. "Carpe diem: A novel approach to select representative days for long-term power system modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 430-442.
    6. Robinson, A.P. & Blythe, P.T. & Bell, M.C. & Hübner, Y. & Hill, G.A., 2013. "Analysis of electric vehicle driver recharging demand profiles and subsequent impacts on the carbon content of electric vehicle trips," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 337-348.
    7. Graabak, Ingeborg & Wu, Qiuwei & Warland, Leif & Liu, Zhaoxi, 2016. "Optimal planning of the Nordic transmission system with 100% electric vehicle penetration of passenger cars by 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 648-660.
    8. Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E. & Georgiadis, Michael C., 2015. "A multi-period, multi-regional generation expansion planning model incorporating unit commitment constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 310-331.
    9. Prebeg, Pero & Gasparovic, Goran & Krajacic, Goran & Duic, Neven, 2016. "Long-term energy planning of Croatian power system using multi-objective optimization with focus on renewable energy and integration of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1493-1507.
    10. Dagoumas, Athanasios S. & Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E., 2019. "Review of models for integrating renewable energy in the generation expansion planning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1573-1587.
    11. Schill, Wolf-Peter & Gerbaulet, Clemens, 2015. "Power system impacts of electric vehicles in Germany: Charging with coal or renewables?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 185-196.
    12. Li, Ying & Davis, Chris & Lukszo, Zofia & Weijnen, Margot, 2016. "Electric vehicle charging in China’s power system: Energy, economic and environmental trade-offs and policy implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 535-554.
    13. Keller, Victor & Lyseng, Benjamin & Wade, Cameron & Scholtysik, Sven & Fowler, McKenzie & Donald, James & Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew, 2019. "Electricity system and emission impact of direct and indirect electrification of heavy-duty transportation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 740-751.
    14. Voorspools, Kris R. & D'haeseleer, William D., 2006. "An analytical formula for the capacity credit of wind power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 45-54.
    15. Hedegaard, Karsten & Ravn, Hans & Juul, Nina & Meibom, Peter, 2012. "Effects of electric vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 356-368.
    16. Madzharov, D. & Delarue, E. & D'haeseleer, W., 2014. "Integrating electric vehicles as flexible load in unit commitment modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 285-294.
    17. Taljegard, M. & Göransson, L. & Odenberger, M. & Johnsson, F., 2019. "Impacts of electric vehicles on the electricity generation portfolio – A Scandinavian-German case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1637-1650.
    18. Welsch, Manuel & Deane, Paul & Howells, Mark & Ó Gallachóir, Brian & Rogan, Fionn & Bazilian, Morgan & Rogner, Hans-Holger, 2014. "Incorporating flexibility requirements into long-term energy system models – A case study on high levels of renewable electricity penetration in Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 600-615.
    19. English, J. & Niet, T. & Lyseng, B. & Palmer-Wilson, K. & Keller, V. & Moazzen, I. & Pitt, L. & Wild, P. & Rowe, A., 2017. "Impact of electrical intertie capacity on carbon policy effectiveness," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 571-581.
    20. Howells, Mark & Rogner, Holger & Strachan, Neil & Heaps, Charles & Huntington, Hillard & Kypreos, Socrates & Hughes, Alison & Silveira, Semida & DeCarolis, Joe & Bazillian, Morgan & Roehrl, Alexander, 2011. "OSeMOSYS: The Open Source Energy Modeling System: An introduction to its ethos, structure and development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5850-5870, October.
    21. Varone, Alberto & Ferrari, Michele, 2015. "Power to liquid and power to gas: An option for the German Energiewende," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 207-218.
    22. Keller, Victor & Lyseng, Benjamin & English, Jeffrey & Niet, Taco & Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Moazzen, Iman & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew, 2018. "Coal-to-biomass retrofit in Alberta –value of forest residue bioenergy in the electricity system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 373-383.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. David Borge-Diez & Pedro Miguel Ortega-Cabezas & Antonio Colmenar-Santos & Jorge Juan Blanes-Peiró, 2021. "Contribution of Driving Efficiency to Vehicle-to-Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Khardenavis, Amaiya & Hewage, Kasun & Perera, Piyaruwan & Shotorbani, Amin Mohammadpour & Sadiq, Rehan, 2021. "Mobile energy hub planning for complex urban networks: A robust optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    3. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, 2022. "Computationally efficient evaluation of fuel and electrical energy economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with smooth driving constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    4. Saffari, Mohammadali & McPherson, Madeleine, 2022. "Assessment of Canada's electricity system potential for variable renewable energy integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    5. Abd Alla, Sara & Bianco, Vincenzo & Tagliafico, Luca A. & Scarpa, Federico, 2021. "Pathways to electric mobility integration in the Italian automotive sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    6. Mehdi Jahangir Samet & Heikki Liimatainen & Oscar Patrick René van Vliet & Markus Pöllänen, 2021. "Road Freight Transport Electrification Potential by Using Battery Electric Trucks in Finland and Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, February.
    7. Ahmed, Abdelsalam A. & Ramadan, Haitham S., 2020. "Prototype implementation of advanced electric vehicles drivetrain system: Verification and validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    8. Rosa, Carmen Brum & Rigo, Paula Donaduzzi & Rediske, Graciele & Moccellin, Ana Paula & Mairesse Siluk, Julio Cezar & Michels, Leandro, 2021. "How to measure organizational performance of distributed generation in electric utilities? The Brazilian case," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 191-203.
    9. Feng, Yanbiao & Dong, Zuomin, 2020. "Integrated design and control optimization of fuel cell hybrid mining truck with minimized lifecycle cost," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    2. Vrionis, Constantinos & Tsalavoutis, Vasilios & Tolis, Athanasios, 2020. "A Generation Expansion Planning model for integrating high shares of renewable energy: A Meta-Model Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    3. Dranka, Géremi Gilson & Ferreira, Paula & Vaz, A. Ismael F., 2021. "A review of co-optimization approaches for operational and planning problems in the energy sector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    4. Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E. & Dagoumas, Athanasios S., 2018. "State-of-the-art generation expansion planning: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 563-589.
    5. Hanemann, Philipp & Behnert, Marika & Bruckner, Thomas, 2017. "Effects of electric vehicle charging strategies on the German power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 608-622.
    6. Buchholz, Stefanie & Gamst, Mette & Pisinger, David, 2020. "Sensitivity analysis of time aggregation techniques applied to capacity expansion energy system models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Niina Helistö & Juha Kiviluoma & Hannele Holttinen & Jose Daniel Lara & Bri‐Mathias Hodge, 2019. "Including operational aspects in the planning of power systems with large amounts of variable generation: A review of modeling approaches," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(5), September.
    8. Dagoumas, Athanasios S. & Koltsaklis, Nikolaos E., 2019. "Review of models for integrating renewable energy in the generation expansion planning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1573-1587.
    9. Mertens, Tim & Poncelet, Kris & Duerinck, Jan & Delarue, Erik, 2020. "Representing cross-border trade of electricity in long-term energy-system optimization models with a limited geographical scope," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    10. Hanemann, Philipp & Bruckner, Thomas, 2018. "Effects of electric vehicles on the spot market price," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 255-266.
    11. Keller, Victor & Lyseng, Benjamin & Wade, Cameron & Scholtysik, Sven & Fowler, McKenzie & Donald, James & Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew, 2019. "Electricity system and emission impact of direct and indirect electrification of heavy-duty transportation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 740-751.
    12. Yeganefar, Ali & Amin-Naseri, Mohammad Reza & Sheikh-El-Eslami, Mohammad Kazem, 2020. "Improvement of representative days selection in power system planning by incorporating the extreme days of the net load to take account of the variability and intermittency of renewable resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    13. Maria Taljegard & Lisa Göransson & Mikael Odenberger & Filip Johnsson, 2021. "To Represent Electric Vehicles in Electricity Systems Modelling—Aggregated Vehicle Representation vs. Individual Driving Profiles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, January.
    14. Farrokhifar, Meisam & Nie, Yinghui & Pozo, David, 2020. "Energy systems planning: A survey on models for integrated power and natural gas networks coordination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    15. Bartholdsen, Hans-Karl & Eidens, Anna & Löffler, Konstantin & Seehaus, Frederik & Wejda, Felix & Burandt, Thorsten & Oei, Pao-Yu & Kemfert, Claudia & Hirschhausen, Christian von, 2019. "Pathways for Germany's Low-Carbon Energy Transformation Towards 2050," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 12(15), pages 1-33.
    16. Langbroek, Joram H.M. & Franklin, Joel P. & Susilo, Yusak O., 2017. "When do you charge your electric vehicle? A stated adaptation approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 565-573.
    17. Oree, Vishwamitra & Sayed Hassen, Sayed Z. & Fleming, Peter J., 2019. "A multi-objective framework for long-term generation expansion planning with variable renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Heggarty, Thomas & Bourmaud, Jean-Yves & Girard, Robin & Kariniotakis, Georges, 2024. "Assessing the relative impacts of maximum investment rate and temporal detail in capacity expansion models applied to power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    19. Poncelet, Kris & Delarue, Erik & D’haeseleer, William, 2020. "Unit commitment constraints in long-term planning models: Relevance, pitfalls and the role of assumptions on flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    20. Haugen, Mari & Blaisdell-Pijuan, Paris L. & Botterud, Audun & Levin, Todd & Zhou, Zhi & Belsnes, Michael & Korpås, Magnus & Somani, Abhishek, 2024. "Power market models for the clean energy transition: State of the art and future research needs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:253:y:2019:i:c:50. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.