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Primary frequency control provided by hybrid battery storage and power-to-heat system

Author

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  • Melo, S.P.
  • Brand, U.
  • Vogt, T.
  • Telle, J.S.
  • Schuldt, F.
  • Maydell, K.v.

Abstract

Given the current influx of intermittent renewable energy sources due to the German Energiewende, additional flexibility is needed to guarantee a reliable power supply by varying electricity generation. Battery energy storage systems are playing an important role for the grid stabilization in Germany. This paper analyses the hybrid concept of combining batteries with power-to-heat technology in the environment of primary control reserve. A comparative economic assessment of hybrid and stand-alone battery systems is discussed by making use of a simulation model in MATLAB®. The economic feasibility of a sustainable business model was investigated in accordance with the German regulatory framework. By comparing to a stand-alone battery system providing primary control reserve, simulation results revealed that the combination with a power-to-heat system is another option for providing a reliable frequency regulation. Despite the additional cost of power-to-heat units, grid fees, taxes and expected shorter lifetime of the battery cells, the hybrid solution leads to an improved profitability scenario for investors when compared with a stand-alone battery in a PCR market.

Suggested Citation

  • Melo, S.P. & Brand, U. & Vogt, T. & Telle, J.S. & Schuldt, F. & Maydell, K.v., 2019. "Primary frequency control provided by hybrid battery storage and power-to-heat system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 220-231.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:233-234:y:2019:i::p:220-231
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.177
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    2. Engels, Jonas & Claessens, Bert & Deconinck, Geert, 2019. "Techno-economic analysis and optimal control of battery storage for frequency control services, applied to the German market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1036-1049.
    3. Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong & Chung, C.Y. & Yang, Weijia & He, Xianghui & Chen, Man, 2021. "Performance enhancement of pumped storage units for system frequency support based on a novel small signal model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Cheng, Yi & Azizipanah-Abarghooee, Rasoul & Azizi, Sadegh & Ding, Lei & Terzija, Vladimir, 2020. "Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
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    6. Angenendt, Georg & Zurmühlen, Sebastian & Figgener, Jan & Kairies, Kai-Philipp & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2020. "Providing frequency control reserve with photovoltaic battery energy storage systems and power-to-heat coupling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    7. Gomez-Gonzalez, M. & Hernandez, J.C. & Vera, D. & Jurado, F., 2020. "Optimal sizing and power schedule in PV household-prosumers for improving PV self-consumption and providing frequency containment reserve," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
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    9. Lopez, A. & Ogayar, B. & Hernández, J.C. & Sutil, F.S., 2020. "Survey and assessment of technical and economic features for the provision of frequency control services by household-prosumers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    10. Draheim, Patrick & Schlachter, Uli & Wigger, Henning & Worschech, Alena & Brand, Urte & Diekmann, Theys & Schuldt, Frank & Hanke, Benedikt & von Maydell, Karsten & Vogt, Thomas, 2020. "Business case analysis of hybrid systems consisting of battery storage and power-to-heat on the German energy market," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
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