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Optimal scheduling of isolated microgrid with an electric vehicle battery swapping station in multi-stakeholder scenarios: A bi-level programming approach via real-time pricing

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  • Li, Yang
  • Yang, Zhen
  • Li, Guoqing
  • Mu, Yunfei
  • Zhao, Dongbo
  • Chen, Chen
  • Shen, Bo

Abstract

In order to coordinate the scheduling problem between an isolated microgrid (IMG) and electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSSs) in multi-stakeholder scenarios, a new bi-level optimal scheduling model is proposed for promoting the participation of BSSs in regulating the IMG economic operation. In this model, the upper-level sub-problem is formulated to minimize the IMG net costs, while the lower-level aims to maximize the profits of the BSS under real-time pricing environments determined by demand responses in the upper-level decision. To solve the model, a hybrid algorithm, called JAYA-BBA, is put forward by combining a real/integer-coded JAYA algorithm and the branch and bound algorithm (BBA), in which the JAYA and BBA are respectively employed to address the upper- and lower- level sub-problems, and the bi-level model is eventually solved through alternate iterations between the two levels. The simulation results on a microgrid test system verify the effectiveness and superiority of the presented approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Yang & Yang, Zhen & Li, Guoqing & Mu, Yunfei & Zhao, Dongbo & Chen, Chen & Shen, Bo, 2018. "Optimal scheduling of isolated microgrid with an electric vehicle battery swapping station in multi-stakeholder scenarios: A bi-level programming approach via real-time pricing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 54-68.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:232:y:2018:i:c:p:54-68
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.211
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