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Microscopic study on diesel spray under cavitating conditions by injecting fuel into water

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  • Liu, Fushui
  • Li, Zhishuang
  • Wang, Ziman
  • Dai, Xiaoyu
  • He, Xu
  • Lee, Chia-Fon

Abstract

Cavitation is a phenomenon which can significantly enhance spray breakup and affect the mixture preparation by introducing air or vapour bubbles. Attempts were made to capture the bubbles due to cavitation by injecting fuel into water based on the difference of density and refraction between water and vapour bubbles apart from the attempts to directly visualize vapour bubbles in an enlarged transparent nozzle. Tests were carried out with the employment of highly resolved microscope and ultra-high speed camera. The spray morphology and primary breakup characteristics in the near field were also investigated. It was found that irregularly shaped bubbles due to cavitation under low pressure can be observed in the nozzle. The increase of injection pressure (thereby increase of velocity) could significantly prolong the bubbles. At the nozzle outlet, the significant variation of pressure prolonged air bubbles into “thread” before collapsing. Vapour bubbles after exiting the injector nozzle were very small and the resolution of 3 µm/pixel was insufficient to capture the bubbles through direct visualization. A tree-shaped spray tip with significant radial propagation was observed. The sucking-in of water when the needle started to lift, the flow regime and the strong water resistance were closely related to the formation of tree-shaped spray tip. In addition, although the increase of fuel temperature generally enhanced the atomization of spray, the primary breakup of spray during the initial stage and end stage when the spray velocity was low surprisingly deteriorated for hot fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Fushui & Li, Zhishuang & Wang, Ziman & Dai, Xiaoyu & He, Xu & Lee, Chia-Fon, 2018. "Microscopic study on diesel spray under cavitating conditions by injecting fuel into water," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1172-1181.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:230:y:2018:i:c:p:1172-1181
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kalghatgi, Gautam, 2018. "Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 965-974.
    2. Wang, Ziman & Jiang, Changzhao & Xu, Hongming & Badawy, Tawfik & Wang, Bo & Jiang, Yizhou, 2017. "The influence of flash boiling conditions on spray characteristics with closely coupled split injection strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 523-533.
    3. Wang, Ziman & Ding, Haichun & Ma, Xiao & Xu, Hongming & Wyszynski, Miroslaw L., 2016. "Ultra-high speed imaging study of the diesel spray close to the injector tip at the initial opening stage with split injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 105-117.
    4. Wang, Ziman & Ding, Haichun & Ma, Xiao & Xu, Hongming & Wyszynski, Miroslaw L., 2016. "Ultra-high speed imaging study of the diesel spray close to the injector tip at the initial opening stage with single injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 335-344.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Djati Wibowo Djamari & Muhammad Idris & Permana Andi Paristiawan & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & Olusegun David Samuel & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Safarudin Gazali Herawan & Davannendran Chandran & Abdu, 2022. "Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Liu, Yu & Yuan, Zhipeng & Ma, Yinjie & Fu, Jianqin & Huang, Ronghua & Liu, Jingping, 2019. "Analysis of spray combustion characteristics of diesel, biodiesel and their n-pentanol blends based on a one-dimensional semi-phenomenological model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 996-1009.
    3. Wei, Yunpeng & Zhang, Hanwen & Fan, Liyun & Gu, Yuanqi & Leng, Xianyin & Deng, Yicheng & He, Zhixia, 2022. "Experimental study into the effects of stability between multiple injections on the internal flow and near field spray dynamics of a diesel nozzle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    4. Zhang, Jibao & Zhang, Xin & Wang, Tao & Hou, Xiaosen, 2019. "A numerical study on jet characteristics under different supercritical conditions for engine applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.

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