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Data centers as a source of dynamic flexibility in smart girds

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  • Alaperä, Ilari
  • Honkapuro, Samuli
  • Paananen, Janne

Abstract

Data centers have a significant potential to become a major source of flexibility in smart girds. They consume currently roughly 3% of all the electricity produced globally and are expected to only increase their consumption as the world becomes more connected and digitalized.

Suggested Citation

  • Alaperä, Ilari & Honkapuro, Samuli & Paananen, Janne, 2018. "Data centers as a source of dynamic flexibility in smart girds," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 69-79.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:229:y:2018:i:c:p:69-79
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.056
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    Cited by:

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    2. Niko Karhula & Seppo Sierla & Valeriy Vyatkin, 2021. "Validating the Real-Time Performance of Distributed Energy Resources Participating on Primary Frequency Reserves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Leonardo Dias & Brigitte Jaumard & Lackis Eleftheriadis, 2024. "Taking Advantage of Spare Battery Capacity in Cellular Networks to Provide Grid Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-28, July.
    4. Chen, Boyu & Che, Yanbo & Zheng, Zhihao & Zhao, Shuaijun, 2023. "Multi-objective robust optimal bidding strategy for a data center operator based on bi-level optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Chen, Xiaoyuan & Jiang, Shan & Chen, Yu & Lei, Yi & Zhang, Donghui & Zhang, Mingshun & Gou, Huayu & Shen, Boyang, 2022. "A 10 MW class data center with ultra-dense high-efficiency energy distribution: Design and economic evaluation of superconducting DC busbar networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    6. Al Kez, Dlzar & Foley, Aoife M. & Ahmed, Faraedoon W. & O'Malley, Mark & Muyeen, S.M., 2021. "Potential of data centers for fast frequency response services in synchronously isolated power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    7. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Wickramasinghe, P.U. & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2019. "Redefining energy system flexibility for distributed energy system design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    8. Bao, Yi & Xu, Jian & Feng, Wei & Sun, Yuanzhang & Liao, Siyang & Yin, Rongxin & Jiang, Yazhou & Jin, Ming & Marnay, Chris, 2019. "Provision of secondary frequency regulation by coordinated dispatch of industrial loads and thermal power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 302-312.
    9. Fan, Shuai & Liu, Jiang & Wu, Qing & Cui, Mingjian & Zhou, Huan & He, Guangyu, 2020. "Optimal coordination of virtual power plant with photovoltaics and electric vehicles: A temporally coupled distributed online algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    10. Zhao, Yongliang & Liu, Ming & Wang, Chaoyang & Wang, Zhu & Chong, Daotong & Yan, Junjie, 2019. "Exergy analysis of the regulating measures of operational flexibility in supercritical coal-fired power plants during transient processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Andreea Valeria Vesa & Tudor Cioara & Ionut Anghel & Marcel Antal & Claudia Pop & Bogdan Iancu & Ioan Salomie & Vasile Teodor Dadarlat, 2020. "Energy Flexibility Prediction for Data Center Engagement in Demand Response Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-23, February.
    12. Jerez Monsalves, Juan & Bergaentzlé, Claire & Keles, Dogan, 2023. "Impacts of flexible-cooling and waste-heat recovery from data centres on energy systems: A Danish case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    13. Wang, Wei & Abdolrashidi, Amirali & Yu, Nanpeng & Wong, Daniel, 2019. "Frequency regulation service provision in data center with computational flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Cao, Yujie & Cao, Fang & Wang, Yajing & Wang, Jianxiao & Wu, Lei & Ding, Zhaohao, 2024. "Managing data center cluster as non-wire alternative: A case in balancing market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    15. Golmohamadi, Hessam, 2022. "Demand-side management in industrial sector: A review of heavy industries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    16. Ye, Guisen & Gao, Feng & Fang, Jingyang, 2022. "A mission-driven two-step virtual machine commitment for energy saving of modern data centers through UPS and server coordinated optimizations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).

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