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Magnitude and extent of building fabric thermal performance gap in UK low energy housing

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  • Gupta, Rajat
  • Kotopouleas, Alkis

Abstract

This paper presents new evidence from a nationwide cross-project meta-study investigating the magnitude and extent of the difference between designed and measured thermal performance of the building fabric of 188 low energy dwellings in the UK. The dataset was drawn from the UK Government’s national Building Performance Evaluation programme, and comprises 50 Passivhaus (PH) and 138 non-Passivhaus (NPH) dwellings, covering different built forms and construction systems. The difference between designed and measured values of air permeability (AP), external wall/roof thermal transmittance (U-value) and whole house heat loss were statistically analysed, along with a review of thermal imaging data to explain any discrepancies. The results showed that fabric thermal performance gap was widespread especially in terms of AP, although the magnitude of underperformance was much less in PH dwellings. While measured AP had good correlation with measured space heating energy for PH dwellings, there was no relationship between the two for NPH dwellings. The regression analysis indicated that for every 1 m3/h/m2 reduction in designed air permeability, the gap increased by 0.8 m3/h/m2@50 Pa. Monte Carlo analysis showed that likelihood of AP gap was 78% in NPH dwellings designed to 5 m3/h/m2@50 Pa or lower. The study provides useful evidence for improving the fabric thermal performance of new housing through in-situ testing.

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  • Gupta, Rajat & Kotopouleas, Alkis, 2018. "Magnitude and extent of building fabric thermal performance gap in UK low energy housing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 673-686.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:222:y:2018:i:c:p:673-686
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.096
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    6. Ling-Chin, J. & Taylor, W. & Davidson, P. & Reay, D. & Nazi, W.I. & Tassou, S. & Roskilly, A.P., 2019. "UK building thermal performance from industrial and governmental perspectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 270-282.
    7. Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul & Rahma Hagi & Rahma Abdelghani & Monaya Syam & Boshra Akhozheya, 2021. "Building Envelope Thermal Defects in Existing and Under-Construction Housing in the UAE; Infrared Thermography Diagnosis and Qualitative Impacts Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, February.
    8. Li, X. & Arbabi, H. & Bennett, G. & Oreszczyn, T. & Densley Tingley, D., 2022. "Net zero by 2050: Investigating carbon-budget compliant retrofit measures for the English housing stock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    9. Kajavathani Panchalingam & Eziaku Onyeizu Rasheed & James Olabode Bamidele Rotimi, 2024. "Cost-Related Drivers and Barriers of Passivhaus: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-24, July.
    10. Rajat Gupta & Matt Gregg, 2021. "Integrated Testing of Building Fabric Thermal Performance for Calibration of Energy Models of Three Low-Energy Dwellings in the UK," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, March.
    11. Moradi, Amir & Kavgic, Miroslava & Costanzo, Vincenzo & Evola, Gianpiero, 2023. "Impact of typical and actual weather years on the energy simulation of buildings with different construction features and under different climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).

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