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Investigation of soot formation and oxidation of ethanol and butanol fuel blends in a DISI engine at different exhaust gas recirculation rates

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  • Koegl, M.
  • Hofbeck, B.
  • Will, S.
  • Zigan, L.

Abstract

The soot formation and in-cylinder soot oxidation in an optically accessible DISI-engine is analyzed for gasoline-ethanol and -butanol mixtures. The volumetric extinction measurement technique used is capable of determining quantitative soot volume fractions and in-cylinder soot oxidation at low gas and soot particle temperatures. Toliso, a fuel mixture containing isooctane and toluene (65 vol% isooctane and 35 vol% toluene) was utilized as a surrogate gasoline fuel. The EGR-dependence (EGR-exhaust gas recirculation) on soot formation and -oxidation of the fuels was studied at part load operation. The studied operating point is characterized by an early injection timing leading to distinct piston wetting and a sooting pool-fire. The measurements without EGR showed a low soot formation for Toliso, while EGR leads to higher soot formation. E20 and B20 showed a strong sooting behaviour without EGR. An EGR increase reduced the soot formation for E20 and B20. It can be concluded that the physical fuel properties determine the spray formation and piston wetting. The fuel dependent evaporation of the liquid wall film as well as local mixing conditions play a major role on soot formation and oxidation.

Suggested Citation

  • Koegl, M. & Hofbeck, B. & Will, S. & Zigan, L., 2018. "Investigation of soot formation and oxidation of ethanol and butanol fuel blends in a DISI engine at different exhaust gas recirculation rates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 426-434.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:209:y:2018:i:c:p:426-434
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.034
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Storch, Michael & Hinrichsen, Florian & Wensing, Michael & Will, Stefan & Zigan, Lars, 2015. "The effect of ethanol blending on mixture formation, combustion and soot emission studied in an optical DISI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 783-792.
    2. Storch, Michael & Koegl, Matthias & Altenhoff, Michael & Will, Stefan & Zigan, Lars, 2016. "Investigation of soot formation of spark-ignited ethanol-blended gasoline sprays with single- and multi-component base fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 278-287.
    3. Lattimore, Thomas & Wang, Chongming & Xu, Hongming & Wyszynski, Miroslaw L. & Shuai, Shijin, 2016. "Investigation of EGR Effect on Combustion and PM Emissions in a DISI Engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 256-267.
    4. Bonatesta, F. & Chiappetta, E. & La Rocca, A., 2014. "Part-load particulate matter from a GDI engine and the connection with combustion characteristics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 366-376.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Wang, Bin & Xie, Fangxi & Hong, Wei & Du, Jiakun & Chen, Hong & Li, Xiaoping, 2023. "Extending ultra-lean burn performance of high compression ratio pre-chamber jet ignition engines based on injection strategy and optimized structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    3. Wu, Shaohua & Zhou, Dezhi & Yang, Wenming, 2019. "Implementation of an efficient method of moments for treatment of soot formation and oxidation processes in three-dimensional engine simulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Qian, Yong & Li, Zilong & Yu, Liang & Wang, Xiaole & Lu, Xingcai, 2019. "Review of the state-of-the-art of particulate matter emissions from modern gasoline fueled engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1269-1298.
    5. Duan, Jiaqi & Ying, Yaoyao & Liu, Dong, 2019. "Novel nanoscale control on soot formation by local CO2 micro-injection in ethylene inverse diffusion flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 697-708.
    6. Xu, Leilei & Treacy, Mark & Zhang, Yan & Aziz, Amir & Tuner, Martin & Bai, Xue-Song, 2022. "Comparison of efficiency and emission characteristics in a direct-injection compression ignition engine fuelled with iso-octane and methanol under low temperature combustion conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    7. Chen, Hao & Su, Xin & He, Jingjing & Zhang, Peng & Xu, Hongming & Zhou, Chenglong, 2021. "Investigation on combustion characteristics of cyclopentanol/diesel fuel blends in an optical engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 811-829.

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