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Modeling and pilot plant runs of slow biomass pyrolysis in a rotary kiln

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  • Babler, Matthaus U.
  • Phounglamcheik, Aekjuthon
  • Amovic, Marko
  • Ljunggren, Rolf
  • Engvall, Klas

Abstract

Pyrolysis of biomass in a rotary kiln finds application both as an intermediate step in multistage gasification as well as a process on its own for the production of biochar. In this work, a numerical model for pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a rotary kiln is developed. The model is based on a set of conservation equations for mass and energy, combined with independent submodels for the pyrolysis reaction, heat transfer, and granular flow inside the kiln. The pyrolysis reaction is described by a two-step mechanism where biomass decays into gas, char, and tar that subsequently undergo further reactions; the heat transfer model accounts for conduction, convection and radiation inside the kiln; and the granular flow model is described by the well known Saeman model. The model is compared to experimental data obtained from a pilot scale rotary kiln pyrolyzer. In total 9 pilot plant trials at different feed flow rate and different heat supply were run. For moderate heat supplies we found good agreement between the model and the experiments while deviations were seen at high heat supply. Using the model to simulate various operation conditions reveals a strong interplay between heat transfer and granular flow which both are controlled by the kiln rotation speed. Also, the model indicates the importance of heat losses and lays the foundation for scale up calculations and process optimization.

Suggested Citation

  • Babler, Matthaus U. & Phounglamcheik, Aekjuthon & Amovic, Marko & Ljunggren, Rolf & Engvall, Klas, 2017. "Modeling and pilot plant runs of slow biomass pyrolysis in a rotary kiln," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 123-133.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:207:y:2017:i:c:p:123-133
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.034
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    1. Ramiar Sadegh-Vaziri & Marko Amovic & Rolf Ljunggren & Klas Engvall, 2015. "A Medium-Scale 50 MW fuel Biomass Gasification Based Bio-SNG Plant: A Developed Gas Cleaning Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-16, June.
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    7. Nwachukwu, Chinedu M. & Toffolo, Andrea & Wetterlund, Elisabeth, 2020. "Biomass-based gas use in Swedish iron and steel industry – Supply chain and process integration considerations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2797-2811.
    8. Khodaei, H. & Álvarez-Bermúdez, C. & Chapela, S. & Olson, C. & MacKenzie, M.D. & Gómez, M.A. & Porteiro, J., 2024. "Eulerian CFD simulation of biomass thermal conversion in an indirect slow pyrolysis rotary kiln unit to produce biochar from recycled waste wood," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    9. Cai, Junmeng & Xu, Di & Dong, Zhujun & Yu, Xi & Yang, Yang & Banks, Scott W. & Bridgwater, Anthony V., 2018. "Processing thermogravimetric analysis data for isoconversional kinetic analysis of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: Case study of corn stalk," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2705-2715.
    10. Bi, Rongshan & Zhang, Yan & Jiang, Xiao & Yang, Haixing & Yan, Kejia & Han, Min & Li, Wenhua & Zhong, Hua & Tan, Xinshun & Xia, Li & Sun, Xiaoyan & Xiang, Shuangguang, 2022. "Simulation and techno-economical analysis on the pyrolysis process of waste tire," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
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