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Experimental investigation of the influence of reaction atmosphere on the pyrolysis of printed circuit boards

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  • Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis
  • Kantarelis, Efthymios
  • Yang, Weihong

Abstract

Printed circuit boards (PCB) are one of the most challenging fractions of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in terms of recycling due to their complexity and diversity. Pyrolysis seems to be a promising alternative for production of energy carriers from its organic fraction with simultaneous recovery of metals. Reaction atmosphere is among the process parameters that affects the thermal decomposition as well as the products’ formation and distribution. In this study, the decomposition of two different PCB fractions in inert and steam atmospheres has been investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and lab scale fixed bed reactor experiments. It was found that the decomposition of the tested materials in steam atmosphere starts at lower temperatures and proceeds slower compared to the N2 atmosphere. Moreover, a two-step decomposition has been observed on the PCB sockets fraction due to the fact that high amount of antimony oxide was present, a common additive for improving the flame retardancy, which have been also observed on previous studies (Wu et al., 2014). The presence of steam influence the pyrolysis gas composition and promotes additional vaporisation of antimony as verified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the liquid fraction has been qualitatively analysed using a GC/MS in order to determine the brominated compounds as well as other compounds that are produced from this process.

Suggested Citation

  • Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis & Kantarelis, Efthymios & Yang, Weihong, 2017. "Experimental investigation of the influence of reaction atmosphere on the pyrolysis of printed circuit boards," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1065-1073.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:204:y:2017:i:c:p:1065-1073
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.087
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmed, I. & Gupta, A.K., 2009. "Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1813-1821, September.
    2. Zhang, Shangzhong & Yoshikawa, Kunio & Nakagome, Hideki & Kamo, Tohru, 2013. "Kinetics of the steam gasification of a phenolic circuit board in the presence of carbonates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 815-821.
    3. Hongfang Chen & Yin Wang & Guangwen Xu & Kunio Yoshikawa, 2012. "Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-21, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Yingwen & Zhou, Chunbao & Liu, Yang & Zhang, Tianhao & Li, Xiangtong & Wang, Long & Dai, Jianjun & Qu, Junshen & Zhang, Changfa & Yu, Mengyan & Yuan, Yanxin & Jin, Yajie & Yu, Hejie & Fu, Jie, 2022. "Product characteristics and potential energy recovery for microwave assisted pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards in a continuously operated auger pyrolyser," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    2. Pietro Romano & Emanuele Melchiorre & Francesco Vegliò, 2023. "ASPEN PLUS Predictive Simulation of Printed Circuit Boards Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification for Organic Fraction Valorization," Waste, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-12, January.

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