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Thermal analysis and simulation of a Li-ion battery pack for a lightweight commercial EV

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  • Cicconi, Paolo
  • Landi, Daniele
  • Germani, Michele

Abstract

The scope of the present research is the reduction of cost and time related to the design, prototyping and testing of a Li-ion battery pack, which is used in commercial full electric vehicles using tools for rapid product configuration and simulation. This objective is particularly important for small companies that produce many different batteries in small lots. To develop the product design support system, a preliminary study was necessary. A 3D model was analyzed to simulate real thermal behavior, reproducing a real electric load using a standard ECE-15 cycle. Experimental tests have been conducted on the vehicle and battery to validate the model. An analytical thermal model was developed to evaluate the heat generated by electrochemical reactions inside a Li-ion cell. The outcome of this analytical model was used as the boundary condition in the CFD simulation of the battery model to evaluate the cooling behavior. The rules and results deduced from these studies have allowed the implementation of an easy-to-use knowledge-based configuration tool that supports the designer in the definition of the layout of the battery pack to save time and evaluate costs. As a test case, the battery for an urban freight vehicle was designed using the proposed approach. The achieved results show good performance and robustness of the simplified approach in terms of temperature distribution evaluation and design process efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Cicconi, Paolo & Landi, Daniele & Germani, Michele, 2017. "Thermal analysis and simulation of a Li-ion battery pack for a lightweight commercial EV," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 159-177.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:159-177
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.008
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    2. Saw, Lip Huat & Poon, Hiew Mun & Thiam, Hui San & Cai, Zuansi & Chong, Wen Tong & Pambudi, Nugroho Agung & King, Yeong Jin, 2018. "Novel thermal management system using mist cooling for lithium-ion battery packs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 146-158.
    3. Yetik, Ozge & Karakoc, Tahir Hikmet, 2020. "A numerical study on the thermal performance of prismatic li-ion batteries for hibrid electric aircraft," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    4. Zia, Muhammad Fahad & Elbouchikhi, Elhoussin & Benbouzid, Mohamed, 2019. "Optimal operational planning of scalable DC microgrid with demand response, islanding, and battery degradation cost considerations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 695-707.
    5. Zhang, Yuan Ci & Briat, Olivier & Boulon, Loïc & Deletage, Jean-Yves & Martin, Cyril & Coccetti, Fabio & Vinassa, Jean-Michel, 2019. "Non-isothermal Ragone plots of Li-ion cells from datasheet and galvanostatic discharge tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 703-715.
    6. Ines Baccouche & Sabeur Jemmali & Bilal Manai & Noshin Omar & Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, 2017. "Improved OCV Model of a Li-Ion NMC Battery for Online SOC Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-22, May.
    7. Xu, Xinhai & Li, Wenzheng & Xu, Ben & Qin, Jiang, 2019. "Numerical study on a water cooling system for prismatic LiFePO4 batteries at abused operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 404-412.
    8. Muhammad Khalid, 2019. "A Review on the Selected Applications of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-34, November.
    9. Mahesh Suresh Patil & Satyam Panchal & Namwon Kim & Moo-Yeon Lee, 2018. "Cooling Performance Characteristics of 20 Ah Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell with Cold Plates along Both Surfaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, September.
    10. Miranda, D. & Almeida, A.M. & Lanceros-Méndez, S. & Costa, C.M., 2019. "Effect of the active material type and battery geometry on the thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1250-1262.
    11. Yang, Yue & Chen, Lei & Yang, Lijun & Du, Xiaoze & Yang, Yongping, 2020. "Capacity fade characteristics of lithium iron phosphate cell during dynamic cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    12. Gandoman, Foad H. & Jaguemont, Joris & Goutam, Shovon & Gopalakrishnan, Rahul & Firouz, Yousef & Kalogiannis, Theodoros & Omar, Noshin & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2019. "Concept of reliability and safety assessment of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: Basics, progress, and challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    13. De Vita, Armando & Maheshwari, Arpit & Destro, Matteo & Santarelli, Massimo & Carello, Massimiliana, 2017. "Transient thermal analysis of a lithium-ion battery pack comparing different cooling solutions for automotive applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 101-112.

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