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Flexible and stable heat energy recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants using a fixed-inverter hybrid heat pump system

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  • Chae, Kyu-Jung
  • Ren, Xianghao

Abstract

Among many options to improve energy self-sufficiency in sewage treatment plants, heat extraction using a heat pump holds great promise, since wastewater contains considerable amounts of thermal energy. The actual heat energy demand at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) varies widely with time; however, the heat pumps typically installed in WWTPs are of the on/off controlled fixed-speed type, thus mostly run intermittently at severe part-load conditions with poor efficiency. To solve this mismatch, a specially designed, fixed-inverter hybrid heat pump system incorporating a fixed-speed compressor and an inverter-driven, variable-speed compressor was developed and tested in a real WWTP. In this hybrid configuration, to improve load response and energy efficiency, the base-heat load was covered by the fixed-speed compressor consuming relatively less energy than the variable-speed type at nominal power, and the remaining varying load was handled by the inverter compressor which exhibits a high load-match function while consuming relatively greater energy. The heat pump system developed reliably extracted heat from the treated effluent as a heat source for heating and cooling purposes throughout the year, and actively responded to the load changes with a high measured coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.06 for heating and 3.64 for cooling. Moreover, this hybrid operation yielded a performance up to 15.04% better on part loads than the single inverter operation, suggesting its effectiveness for improving annual energy saving when applied to highly load-fluctuating real WWTPs. To improve the overall efficiency of the heat recovery system, although the heat pump is the largest energy-consuming component, taking up 56.0–68.5% of the total energy, new efforts to develop a novel design are also needed to make the heat exchanger more energy-efficient.

Suggested Citation

  • Chae, Kyu-Jung & Ren, Xianghao, 2016. "Flexible and stable heat energy recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants using a fixed-inverter hybrid heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 565-574.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:565-574
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.021
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    1. Nigel Twi-Yeboah & Dacosta Osei & William H. Dontoh & George Adu Asamoah & Janet Baffoe & Michael K. Danquah, 2024. "Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Resource Recovery in Wastewater Treatment Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Zhang, Bingqian & Yan, Kun & Lyu, Yizheng & Qian, Yisen & Gao, Hanbo & Tian, Jinping & Zheng, Wei & Chen, Lyujun, 2024. "A “water and carbon” near-zero emission WWTP system: Model development and techno-economic-environmental benefits assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    3. Ziyang Guo & Yongjun Sun & Shu-Yuan Pan & Pen-Chi Chiang, 2019. "Integration of Green Energy and Advanced Energy-Efficient Technologies for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-29, April.
    4. Liu, Runxi & Huang, Runyao & Shen, Ziheng & Wang, Hongtao & Xu, Jin, 2021. "Optimizing the recovery pathway of a net-zero energy wastewater treatment model by balancing energy recovery and eco-efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    5. Guo, Xiaochao & Ma, Zhixian & Ma, Liangdong & Zhang, Jili, 2019. "Experimental study on the performance of a novel in–house heat pump water heater with freezing latent heat evaporator and assisted by domestic drain water," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 442-450.
    6. Gu, Yifan & Li, Yue & Li, Xuyao & Luo, Pengzhou & Wang, Hongtao & Robinson, Zoe P. & Wang, Xin & Wu, Jiang & Li, Fengting, 2017. "The feasibility and challenges of energy self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1463-1475.
    7. Mariusz Szreder & Marek Miara, 2020. "Impact of Compressor Drive System Efficiency on Air Source Heat Pump Performance for Heating Hot Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Tomasz Łokietek & Wojciech Tuchowski & Dorota Leciej-Pirczewska & Anna Głowacka, 2022. "Heat Recovery from a Wastewater Treatment Process—Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    9. Zhao, Chuandang & Xu, Jiuping & Wang, Fengjuan & Xie, Guo & Tan, Cheng, 2024. "Economic–environmental trade-offs based support policy towards optimal planning of wastewater heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    10. Liu, Jiayi & Li, Debin & Wang, Lin & Li, Huan & Deng, Zhou, 2024. "Comprehensive assessment of sludge wet air oxidation and its combination with anaerobic digestion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PB).
    11. Golzar, Farzin & Silveira, Semida, 2021. "Impact of wastewater heat recovery in buildings on the performance of centralized energy recovery – A case study of Stockholm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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