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Net energy benefits of carbon nanotube applications

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  • Zhai, Pei
  • Isaacs, Jacqueline A.
  • Eckelman, Matthew J.

Abstract

Implementation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in various applications can reduce material and energy requirements of products, resulting in energy savings. However, processes for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are energy-intensive and can require extensive purification. In this study, we investigate the net energy benefits of three CNT-enabled technologies: multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) reinforced cement used as highway construction material, single-walled CNT (SWCNT) flash memory switches used in cell phones and CNT anodes and cathodes used in lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. We explore the avoided or additional energy requirement in the manufacturing and use phases and estimate the life cycle net energy benefits for each application. Additional scenario analysis and Monte Carlo simulation of parameter uncertainties resulted in probability distributions of net energy benefits, indicating that net energy benefits are dependent on the application with confidence intervals straddling the breakeven line in some cases. Analysis of simulation results reveals that SWCNT switch flash memory and MWCNT Li-ion battery cathodes have statistically significant positive net energy benefits (α=0.05) and SWCNT Li-ion battery anodes tend to have negative net energy benefits, while positive results for MWCNT-reinforced cement were significant only under an efficient CNT production scenario and a lower confidence level (α=0.1).

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  • Zhai, Pei & Isaacs, Jacqueline A. & Eckelman, Matthew J., 2016. "Net energy benefits of carbon nanotube applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 624-634.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:173:y:2016:i:c:p:624-634
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Georgios Pallas & Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg & Jeroen B. Guinée & Reinout Heijungs & Martina G. Vijver, 2018. "Green and Clean: Reviewing the Justification of Claims for Nanomaterials from a Sustainability Point of View," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Yang, Yang & Yuan, Wei & Zhang, Xiaoqing & Ke, Yuzhi & Qiu, Zhiqiang & Luo, Jian & Tang, Yong & Wang, Chun & Yuan, Yuhang & Huang, Yao, 2020. "A review on structuralized current collectors for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).

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