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Application of Bio-Derived Alternatives for the Assured Flow of Waxy Crude Oil: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Ron Chuck Macola Gabayan

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
    College of Engineering Architecture and Technology, Palawan State University, Puerto Princesa 5300, Palawan, Philippines)

  • Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Shiferaw Regassa Jufar

    (Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

Abstract

High molecular weight paraffin/wax precipitates in the solution of crude oil when the surrounding temperature falls below the wax appearance temperature, which causes the problem of wax deposition in pipelines. To enhance the rheology of the crude oil and lessen wax deposition, pour point depressants (PPDs) and flow enhancers were utilized. These substances change the wax crystals’ morphology, reducing crystal interlocking and preventing wax agglomeration from facilitating wax dispersion. However, recent research prompted a further investigation to improve the performance of conventional polymeric PPD and to address wax accumulation in a safe and environmentally responsible way. This is because of their poor performance at high shearing, expensive preparations, limited biodegradability, and toxicity. The primary objective of this study is to provide a thorough summary of current studies on the use of seed oil extracts rich in unsaturated fatty acids as an alternative for polymeric PPD. Important studies on the use of nanoparticles to improve the performance of conventional PPD, as well as strategies put into place to overcome issues with nanoparticle application, are also highlighted. Finally, an outlook of potential research ideas to develop pour point depressants is provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Ron Chuck Macola Gabayan & Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon & Shiferaw Regassa Jufar, 2023. "Application of Bio-Derived Alternatives for the Assured Flow of Waxy Crude Oil: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-28, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3652-:d:1131389
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marwa M. El-Dalatony & Byong-Hun Jeon & El-Sayed Salama & Mohamed Eraky & Won Beom Kim & Jihoon Wang & Taewoong Ahn, 2019. "Occurrence and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Formed in Developing Wells and Pipelines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-23, March.
    2. Hyung Chul Kim & Vasilis Fthenakis, 2013. "Life Cycle Energy and Climate Change Implications of Nanotechnologies," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 17(4), pages 528-541, August.
    3. Huishu Liu & Jimiao Duan & Jiang Li & Hao Yan & Jian Wang & Keyu Lin & Liang Guan & Changjun Li, 2021. "Experimental Measurements of Wax Precipitation Using a Modified Method of Simultaneous Centrifugation and High-Temperature Gas Chromatography," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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