IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v164y2016icp756-768.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy and GHG balances of ethanol production from cane molasses in Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Khatiwada, Dilip
  • Venkata, Bharadwaj K.
  • Silveira, Semida
  • Johnson, Francis X.

Abstract

This study analyses the sustainability of fuel ethanol production from cane molasses in Indonesia. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to evaluate the net emissions (climate change impact) and energy inputs (resource consumption) in the production chain. The lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the production and use of ethanol are estimated at 29gCO2eq per MJ of ethanol produced which is a 67% reduction in comparison to gasoline emissions. Net Energy Value (NEV) and Net Renewable Energy Value (NREV) are −7MJ/l and 17.7MJ/l, while the energy yield ratio (ER) is 6.1. Economic allocation is chosen for dividing environmental burdens and resource consumption between sugar (i.e. main product) and molasses (i.e. co-product used for fuel production). Sensitivity analysis of various parameters is performed. The emissions and energy values are highly sensitive to sugarcane yield, ethanol yield, and the price of molasses. The use of sugarcane biomass residues (bagasse/trash) for efficient cogeneration, and different waste management options for the treatment of spent wash (effluent of distilleries) are also explored. Surplus bioelectricity generation in the efficient cogeneration plant, biogas recovery from wastewater treatment plant, and their use for fossil fuel substitution can help improve energy and environmental gains. The study also compares important results with other relevant international studies and discusses issues related to land use change (LUC) impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Khatiwada, Dilip & Venkata, Bharadwaj K. & Silveira, Semida & Johnson, Francis X., 2016. "Energy and GHG balances of ethanol production from cane molasses in Indonesia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 756-768.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:164:y:2016:i:c:p:756-768
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.032
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261915014828
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.032?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Khatiwada, Dilip & Seabra, Joaquim & Silveira, Semida & Walter, Arnaldo, 2012. "Power generation from sugarcane biomass – A complementary option to hydroelectricity in Nepal and Brazil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 241-254.
    2. Witcover, Julie & Yeh, Sonia & Sperling, Daniel, 2013. "Policy options to address global land use change from biofuels," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 63-74.
    3. Ebner, Jacqueline & Babbitt, Callie & Winer, Martin & Hilton, Brian & Williamson, Anahita, 2014. "Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of a novel process for converting food waste to ethanol and co-products," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 86-93.
    4. Mujiyanto, Sugeng & Tiess, Günter, 2013. "Secure energy supply in 2025: Indonesia's need for an energy policy strategy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 31-41.
    5. García, Carlos A. & Fuentes, Alfredo & Hennecke, Anna & Riegelhaupt, Enrique & Manzini, Fabio & Masera, Omar, 2011. "Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances of sugarcane ethanol production in Mexico," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 2088-2097, June.
    6. Antonio Bizzo, Waldir & Lenço, Paulo César & Carvalho, Danilo José & Veiga, João Paulo Soto, 2014. "The generation of residual biomass during the production of bio-ethanol from sugarcane, its characterization and its use in energy production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 589-603.
    7. Zhou, Adrian & Thomson, Elspeth, 2009. "The development of biofuels in Asia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 11-20, November.
    8. Silalertruksa, Thapat & Gheewala, Shabbir H. & Pongpat, Patcharaporn, 2015. "Sustainability assessment of sugarcane biorefinery and molasses ethanol production in Thailand using eco-efficiency indicator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 603-609.
    9. Nguyen, Thu Lan T. & Gheewala, Shabbir H. & Garivait, Savitri, 2008. "Full chain energy analysis of fuel ethanol from cane molasses in Thailand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(8), pages 722-734, August.
    10. Nguyen, Thu Lan T. & Gheewala, Shabbir H., 2008. "Fuel ethanol from cane molasses in Thailand: Environmental and cost performance," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1589-1599, May.
    11. Nguyen, Thu Lan T. & Gheewala, Shabbir H. & Garivait, Savitri, 2007. "Fossil energy savings and GHG mitigation potentials of ethanol as a gasoline substitute in Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 5195-5205, October.
    12. Malça, João & Freire, Fausto, 2006. "Renewability and life-cycle energy efficiency of bioethanol and bio-ethyl tertiary butyl ether (bioETBE): Assessing the implications of allocation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(15), pages 3362-3380.
    13. Foteinis, Spyros & Kouloumpis, Victor & Tsoutsos, Theocharis, 2011. "Life cycle analysis for bioethanol production from sugar beet crops in Greece," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 4834-4841, September.
    14. Mosnier, A. & Havlík, P. & Valin, H. & Baker, J. & Murray, B. & Feng, S. & Obersteiner, M. & McCarl, B.A. & Rose, S.K. & Schneider, U.A., 2013. "Alternative U.S. biofuel mandates and global GHG emissions: The role of land use change, crop management and yield growth," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 602-614.
    15. Searchinger, Timothy & Heimlich, Ralph & Houghton, R. A. & Dong, Fengxia & Elobeid, Amani & Fabiosa, Jacinto F. & Tokgoz, Simla & Hayes, Dermot J. & Yu, Hun-Hsiang, 2008. "Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change," Staff General Research Papers Archive 12881, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    16. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2009. "Political, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 108-117, November.
    17. Khatiwada, Dilip & Seabra, Joaquim & Silveira, Semida & Walter, Arnaldo, 2012. "Accounting greenhouse gas emissions in the lifecycle of Brazilian sugarcane bioethanol: Methodological references in European and American regulations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 384-397.
    18. Nguyen, Thu Lan Thi & Gheewala, Shabbir H. & Garivait, Savitri, 2007. "Energy balance and GHG-abatement cost of cassava utilization for fuel ethanol in Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 4585-4596, September.
    19. Silalertruksa, Thapat & Gheewala, Shabbir H. & Sagisaka, Masayuki, 2009. "Impacts of Thai bio-ethanol policy target on land use and greenhouse gas emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 170-177, November.
    20. Khatiwada, Dilip & Silveira, Semida, 2009. "Net energy balance of molasses based ethanol: The case of Nepal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2515-2524, December.
    21. Suramaythangkoor, Tritib & Li, Zhengguo, 2012. "Energy policy tools for agricultural residues utilization for heat and power generation: A case study of sugarcane trash in Thailand," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 4343-4351.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hassan, Sedky H.A. & el Nasser A. Zohri, Abd & Kassim, Rehab M.F., 2019. "Electricity generation from sugarcane molasses using microbial fuel cell technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 538-543.
    2. Danilo Arcentales-Bastidas & Carla Silva & Angel D. Ramirez, 2022. "The Environmental Profile of Ethanol Derived from Sugarcane in Ecuador: A Life Cycle Assessment Including the Effect of Cogeneration of Electricity in a Sugar Industrial Complex," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-24, July.
    3. Wang, Zhiwei & Li, Zaifeng & Lei, Tingzhou & Yang, Miao & Qi, Tian & Lin, Lu & Xin, Xiaofei & Ajayebi, Atta & Yang, Yantao & He, Xiaofeng & Yan, Xiaoyu, 2016. "Life cycle assessment of energy consumption and environmental emissions for cornstalk-based ethyl levulinate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 170-181.
    4. Nogueira, Luiz Augusto Horta & Antonio de Souza, Luiz Gustavo & Cortez, Luís Augusto Barbosa & Leal, Manoel Regis Lima Verde, 2017. "Sustainable and Integrated Bioenergy Assessment for Latin America, Caribbean and Africa (SIByl-LACAf): The path from feasibility to acceptability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 292-308.
    5. Badra, Jihad & AlRamadan, Abdullah S. & Sarathy, S. Mani, 2017. "Optimization of the octane response of gasoline/ethanol blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 778-793.
    6. Soam, Shveta & Kapoor, Manali & Kumar, Ravindra & Borjesson, Pal & Gupta, Ravi P. & Tuli, Deepak K., 2016. "Global warming potential and energy analysis of second generation ethanol production from rice straw in India," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 353-364.
    7. Gabisa, Elias W. & Gheewala, Shabbir H., 2020. "Can substitution of imported gasoline by locally produced molasses ethanol in Ethiopia be sustainable? An eco-efficiency assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    8. Wiraditma Prananta & Ida Kubiszewski, 2021. "Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable Energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    9. Zhu, Shengdong & Luo, Fang & Huang, Wenjing & Huang, Wangxiang & Wu, Yuanxin, 2017. "Comparison of three fermentation strategies for alleviating the negative effect of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate on lignocellulosic ethanol production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 124-131.
    10. Ma, Yingqun & Cai, Weiwei & Liu, Yu, 2017. "An integrated engineering system for maximizing bioenergy production from food waste," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 83-89.
    11. Khatiwada, Dilip & Silveira, Semida, 2017. "Scenarios for bioethanol production in Indonesia: How can we meet mandatory blending targets?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 351-361.
    12. Mostafa Rezaei & Ali Mostafaeipour & Mojtaba Qolipour & Hamid-Reza Arabnia, 2018. "Hydrogen production using wind energy from sea water: A case study on Southern and Northern coasts of Iran," Energy & Environment, , vol. 29(3), pages 333-357, May.
    13. O'Shea, Richard & Lin, Richen & Wall, David M. & Browne, James D. & Murphy, Jerry D, 2020. "Using biogas to reduce natural gas consumption and greenhouse gas emissions at a large distillery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Silalertruksa, Thapat & Gheewala, Shabbir H., 2009. "Environmental sustainability assessment of bio-ethanol production in Thailand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 1933-1946.
    2. Yang, Q. & Chen, G.Q., 2012. "Nonrenewable energy cost of corn-ethanol in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 340-347.
    3. Kumar, S. & Shrestha, Pujan & Abdul Salam, P., 2013. "A review of biofuel policies in the major biofuel producing countries of ASEAN: Production, targets, policy drivers and impacts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 822-836.
    4. Silalertruksa, Thapat & Gheewala, Shabbir H., 2010. "Security of feedstocks supply for future bio-ethanol production in Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7476-7486, November.
    5. Danilo Arcentales-Bastidas & Carla Silva & Angel D. Ramirez, 2022. "The Environmental Profile of Ethanol Derived from Sugarcane in Ecuador: A Life Cycle Assessment Including the Effect of Cogeneration of Electricity in a Sugar Industrial Complex," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-24, July.
    6. Vang Rasmussen, Laura & Rasmussen, Kjeld & Birch-Thomsen, Torben & Kristensen, Søren B.P. & Traoré, Oumar, 2012. "The effect of cassava-based bioethanol production on above-ground carbon stocks: A case study from Southern Mali," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 575-583.
    7. Ji, Xi & Long, Xianling, 2016. "A review of the ecological and socioeconomic effects of biofuel and energy policy recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 41-52.
    8. Zhang, Bo & Sarathy, S. Mani, 2016. "Lifecycle optimized ethanol-gasoline blends for turbocharged engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 38-53.
    9. García, Carlos A. & Fuentes, Alfredo & Hennecke, Anna & Riegelhaupt, Enrique & Manzini, Fabio & Masera, Omar, 2011. "Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances of sugarcane ethanol production in Mexico," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 2088-2097, June.
    10. Soam, Shveta & Kumar, Ravindra & Gupta, Ravi P. & Sharma, Pankaj K. & Tuli, Deepak K. & Das, Biswapriya, 2015. "Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol from sugarcane molasses in northern and western India and its impact on Indian biofuel programme," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 307-315.
    11. Correa, Diego F. & Beyer, Hawthorne L. & Fargione, Joseph E. & Hill, Jason D. & Possingham, Hugh P. & Thomas-Hall, Skye R. & Schenk, Peer M., 2019. "Towards the implementation of sustainable biofuel production systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 250-263.
    12. García, Carlos A. & Manzini, Fabio & Islas, Jorge M., 2017. "Sustainability assessment of ethanol production from two crops in Mexico," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1199-1207.
    13. García, Carlos A. & Riegelhaupt, Enrique & Ghilardi, Adrián & Skutsch, Margaret & Islas, Jorge & Manzini, Fabio & Masera, Omar, 2015. "Sustainable bioenergy options for Mexico: GHG mitigation and costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 545-552.
    14. Geraldes Castanheira, Érica & Grisoli, Renata & Freire, Fausto & Pecora, Vanessa & Coelho, Suani Teixeira, 2014. "Environmental sustainability of biodiesel in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 680-691.
    15. Hiloidhari, Moonmoon & Vijay, Vandit & Banerjee, Rangan & Baruah, D.C. & Rao, Anand B., 2021. "Energy-carbon-water footprint of sugarcane bioenergy: A district-level life cycle assessment in the state of Maharashtra, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    16. Chauhan, Manish Kumar & Varun & Chaudhary, Sachin & Kumar, Suneel & Samar, 2011. "Life cycle assessment of sugar industry: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(7), pages 3445-3453, September.
    17. Chollacoop, Nuwong & Saisirirat, Peerawat & Sukkasi, Sittha & Tongroon, Manida & Fukuda, Tuenjai & Fukuda, Atsushi & Nivitchanyong, Siriluck, 2013. "Potential of greenhouse gas emission reduction in Thai road transport by ethanol bus technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 112-123.
    18. Malça, João & Freire, Fausto, 2011. "Life-cycle studies of biodiesel in Europe: A review addressing the variability of results and modeling issues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 338-351, January.
    19. García-Bustamante Carlos Alberto & Aguilar-Rivera Noé & Zepeda-Pirrón Manuel & Armendáriz-Arnez Cynthia, 2018. "Development of indicators for the sustainability of the sugar industry," Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, Sciendo, vol. 6(4), pages 22-38, December.
    20. Eshton, Bilha & Katima, Jamidu H.Y., 2015. "Carbon footprints of production and use of liquid biofuels in Tanzania," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 672-680.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:164:y:2016:i:c:p:756-768. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.