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Design, implementation and characterization of a novel bi-directional energy conversion system on DC motor drive using super-capacitors

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  • Sun, Li
  • Zhang, Nong

Abstract

In this paper, a simple but innovative bi-directional energy conversion system is developed, utilizing supercapacitor as energy source to drive an electric scooter, as well as to recover braking energy on demand. Supercapacitor is superior to battery at high load as the latter is susceptible to aging and significant heat loss under this condition, leading to sometimes serious issues such as shortened lifecycle. The system consists of a microprocessor based vehicle controller (integrating an embedded regenerative braking controller), a 300W Permanent Magnet (PM) DC motor, two low-power DC–DC converters to form a higher power DC–DC converter pack, a motor controller, a supercapacitor bank and a capacitor cell balancing sub-system. To characterize system performance, a dedicated test rig is built and the system is broken down into three stages with input and output variables of each stage being evaluated systematically in three representative cases. The experimental results show overall effectiveness of such system. Operating conditions where high efficiency reside are therefore able to be determined to gain insight into a complex system.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Li & Zhang, Nong, 2015. "Design, implementation and characterization of a novel bi-directional energy conversion system on DC motor drive using super-capacitors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 101-111.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:153:y:2015:i:c:p:101-111
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.06.084
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    1. Omar, Noshin & Monem, Mohamed Abdel & Firouz, Yousef & Salminen, Justin & Smekens, Jelle & Hegazy, Omar & Gaulous, Hamid & Mulder, Grietus & Van den Bossche, Peter & Coosemans, Thierry & Van Mierlo, J, 2014. "Lithium iron phosphate based battery – Assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1575-1585.
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    1. Sergio Ignacio Serna-Garcés & Daniel Gonzalez Montoya & Carlos Andres Ramos-Paja, 2016. "Sliding-Mode Control of a Charger/Discharger DC/DC Converter for DC-Bus Regulation in Renewable Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Su, Y. & Zhitomirsky, I., 2015. "Asymmetric electrochemical supercapacitor, based on polypyrrole coated carbon nanotube electrodes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 48-55.
    3. Singh, Gurmeet & Anil Kumar, T.Ch. & Naikan, V.N.A., 2019. "Efficiency monitoring as a strategy for cost effective maintenance of induction motors for minimizing carbon emission and energy consumption," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 193-201.
    4. Wen, Shuli & Lan, Hai & Yu, David. C. & Fu, Qiang & Hong, Ying-Yi & Yu, Lijun & Yang, Ruirui, 2017. "Optimal sizing of hybrid energy storage sub-systems in PV/diesel ship power system using frequency analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 198-208.
    5. Lei, Fei & Du, Bin & Liu, Xin & Xie, Xiaoping & Chai, Tian, 2016. "Optimization of an implicit constrained multi-physics system for motor wheels of electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 980-990.
    6. Xiao, B. & Ruan, J. & Yang, W. & Walker, P.D. & Zhang, N., 2021. "A review of pivotal energy management strategies for extended range electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    7. Becherif, M. & Ramadan, H.S. & Ayad, M.Y. & Hissel, D. & Desideri, U. & Antonelli, M., 2017. "Efficient start–up energy management via nonlinear control for eco–traction systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 899-909.
    8. Myeong-Hwan Hwang & Hae-Sol Lee & Se-Hyeon Yang & Hyun-Rok Cha & Sung-Jun Park, 2019. "Electromagnetic Field Analysis and Design of an Efficient Outer Rotor Inductor in the Low-Speed Section for Driving Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    9. Sun, Li & Walker, Paul & Feng, Kaiwu & Zhang, Nong, 2018. "Multi-objective component sizing for a battery-supercapacitor power supply considering the use of a power converter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 436-446.

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