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Experimental analysis of di-functional magnetic oxide catalyst and its performance in the hemp plant biodiesel production

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  • Ullah, Kifayat
  • Ahmad, Mushtaq
  • Sultana, Shazia
  • Teong, Lee Keat
  • Sharma, Vinod Kumar
  • Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi
  • Zafar, Muhammad
  • Ullah, Zahid

Abstract

This paper reports a study on the performance assessment of di-functional magnetic Fe–Ca oxide catalyst in biodiesel production using hemp oil. In situ co-precipitation procedure was used for synthesis of di-functional magnetic solid base catalyst. The resultant catalyst had good magnetic property with relatively high saturation magnetism (45.6emu/g) and the reused catalyst status is quite functional. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques including XRD, TG–DTA, SEM and VSM. The produced biodiesel was characterized and conformed by GC/MS, NMR and FT/IR. The synthesis of biodiesel was carried out at constant temperature (60°C), reaction time (2h) oil alcohol molar ratio (1:6), agitation (600rpm) and catalyst concentration (2.25%) w/w. The maximum biodiesel yield was achieved 92.16% using di-functional magnetic Fe–Ca oxide catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Ullah, Kifayat & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Sultana, Shazia & Teong, Lee Keat & Sharma, Vinod Kumar & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Zafar, Muhammad & Ullah, Zahid, 2014. "Experimental analysis of di-functional magnetic oxide catalyst and its performance in the hemp plant biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 660-669.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:113:y:2014:i:c:p:660-669
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.08.023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Pengmei & Yuan, Zhenhong & Li, Lianhua & Wang, Zhongming & Luo, Wen, 2010. "Biodiesel from different oil using fixed-bed and plug-flow reactors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 283-287.
    2. Wen, Zhenzhong & Yu, Xinhai & Tu, Shan-Tung & Yan, Jinyue & Dahlquist, Erik, 2010. "Synthesis of biodiesel from vegetable oil with methanol catalyzed by Li-doped magnesium oxide catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(3), pages 743-748, March.
    3. Kafuku, G. & Mbarawa, M., 2010. "Alkaline catalyzed biodiesel production from moringa oleifera oil with optimized production parameters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(8), pages 2561-2565, August.
    4. Shu, Qing & Gao, Jixian & Nawaz, Zeeshan & Liao, Yuhui & Wang, Dezheng & Wang, Jinfu, 2010. "Synthesis of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil with large amounts of free fatty acids using a carbon-based solid acid catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(8), pages 2589-2596, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ullah, Kifayat & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Sofia, & Qiu, Fengxian, 2015. "Assessing the experimental investigation of milk thistle oil for biodiesel production using base catalyzed transesterification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 887-895.
    2. Xue, Bao-jin & Luo, Jia & Zhang, Fan & Fang, Zhen, 2014. "Biodiesel production from soybean and Jatropha oils by magnetic CaFe2O4–Ca2Fe2O5-based catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 584-591.
    3. Xia, Shaige & Hu, Yongjie & Chen, Chao & Tao, Junyu & Yan, Beibei & Li, Wanqing & Zhu, Guangbin & Cheng, Zhanjun & Chen, Guanyi, 2022. "Electrolytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using magnetic Co/Fe–Ca based catalyst derived from waste shells: A promising approach towards sustainable biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1286-1299.
    4. Xie, Wenlei & Li, Jiangbo, 2023. "Magnetic solid catalysts for sustainable and cleaner biodiesel production: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).

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