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Interactive responses to water deficits and crop load in olive (olea europaea L., cv. Morisca) I. - Growth and water relations

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  • Martín-Vertedor, Ana I.
  • Rodríguez, Juan M. Pérez
  • Losada, Henar Prieto
  • Castiel, Elías Fereres

Abstract

To characterize the interactions between variable water supply and crop load on vegetative growth and water relations of an olive orchard (cv. Morisca) planted in 1998 at 417 trees ha-1, two different experiments were conducted over a six-year period (2002-2007) in Badajoz, Southwest of Spain. Experiment 1, assessed the responses during the early years of the orchard (2002-2004) using four irrigation treatments that applied fractions of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (125%, 100%, 75% and 0%) and three crop load levels (100%, 50% and 0% of fruit removal, termed off, medium and on treatments). Experiment 2, assessed the response of more mature trees (2005-2007) to three irrigation treatments (115%, 100%, and 60% of ETc) and the natural crop load which were off, on, and medium in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Although vegetative growth was mainly affected by the level of water supply, crop load also influenced vegetative parameters, especially the interaction between high loads and water deficit. Trunk growth was more sensitive to water deficits than ground cover, and at the branch scale, water deficits reduced branch length and node numbers but only reduced internode length in on trees. Water relations were more affected by the level of water supply than by crop load. Nevertheless, the presence of fruits affected olive tree water status and, particularly, increased the stomatal conductance of on trees during late summer and early fall under all levels of water supply. Interactions between water stress and crop load levels were not very strong, and were more evident in mature than in young olive trees.

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  • Martín-Vertedor, Ana I. & Rodríguez, Juan M. Pérez & Losada, Henar Prieto & Castiel, Elías Fereres, 2011. "Interactive responses to water deficits and crop load in olive (olea europaea L., cv. Morisca) I. - Growth and water relations," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 941-949, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:98:y:2011:i:6:p:941-949
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    1. Perez-Lopez, D. & Ribas, F. & Moriana, A. & Olmedilla, N. & de Juan, A., 2007. "The effect of irrigation schedules on the water relations and growth of a young olive (Olea europaea L.) orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 297-304, May.
    2. Moriana, Alfonso & Perez-Lopez, David & Gomez-Rico, Aurora & Salvador, Maria de los Desamparados & Olmedilla, Nicolas & Ribas, Francisco & Fregapane, Giuseppe, 2007. "Irrigation scheduling for traditional, low-density olive orchards: Water relations and influence on oil characteristics," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 171-179, January.
    3. Grattan, S.R. & Berenguer, M.J. & Connell, J.H. & Polito, V.S. & Vossen, P.M., 2006. "Olive oil production as influenced by different quantities of applied water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 85(1-2), pages 133-140, September.
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    4. Hueso, A. & Camacho, G. & Gómez-del-Campo, M., 2021. "Spring deficit irrigation promotes significant reduction on vegetative growth, flowering, fruit growth and production in hedgerow olive orchards (cv. Arbequina)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
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    6. Girón, I.F. & Corell, M. & Galindo, A. & Torrecillas, E. & Morales, D. & Dell’Amico, J. & Torrecillas, A. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A., 2015. "Changes in the physiological response between leaves and fruits during a moderate water stress in table olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 280-286.
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    10. Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Fernandes, R.D.M. & Montero, A. & García, J.M. & Fernández, J.E., 2018. "Water status, gas exchange and crop performance in a super high density olive orchard under deficit irrigation scheduled from leaf turgor measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 241-252.
    11. Ahumada-Orellana, Luis E. & Ortega-Farías, Samuel & Searles, Peter S., 2018. "Olive oil quality response to irrigation cut-off strategies in a super-high density orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 81-88.
    12. Sánchez-Piñero, M. & Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Andreu, L. & Moriana, A. & Corell, M., 2022. "Evaluation of a simplified methodology to estimate the CWSI in olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    13. Martín-Vertedor, Ana I. & Rodríguez, Juan M. Pérez & Losada, Henar Prieto & Castiel, Elías Fereres, 2011. "Interactive responses to water deficits and crop load in olive (Olea europaea L., cv. Morisca). II: Water use, fruit and oil yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 950-958, April.
    14. Parvizi, Hossein & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza & Ahmadi, Seyed Hamid, 2016. "Physiological and growth responses of pomegranate tree (Punica granatum (L.) cv. Rabab) under partial root zone drying and deficit irrigation regimes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 146-158.
    15. Martín-Palomo, MJ & Andreu, L. & Pérez-López, D. & Centeno, A. & Galindo, A. & Moriana, A. & Corell, M., 2022. "Trunk growth rate frequencies as water stress indicator in almond trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    16. García-Tejero, I.F. & Hernández, A. & Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Fernández, J.E, 2017. "Assessing plant water status in a hedgerow olive orchard from thermography at plant level," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 50-60.

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