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Seasonal variations in sap flow and soil evaporation in an olive (Olea europaea L.) grove under two irrigation regimes in an arid region of Argentina

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  • Rousseaux, M. Cecilia
  • Figuerola, Patricia I.
  • Correa-Tedesco, Guillermo
  • Searles, Peter S.

Abstract

The emergence of intensively managed olive plantations in arid, northwestern Argentina requires the efficient use of irrigation water. We evaluated whole tree daily transpiration and soil evaporation throughout the year to better understand the relative importance of these water use components and to calculate actual crop coefficient (Kc) values. Plots in a 7-year-old 'Manzanilla fina' olive grove with 23% canopy cover were either moderately (MI) or highly irrigated (HI) using the FAO method where potential evapotranspiration over grass is multiplied by a given Kc and a coefficient of reduction (Kr). The Kc values employed for the MI and HI treatments were 0.5 and 1.1, respectively, and the Kr was 0.46. Transpiration was estimated by measuring main trunk sap flow using the heat balance method for three trees per treatment. Soil evaporation was measured using six microlysimeters in one plot per treatment. Both parameters were evaluated for 7-10 consecutive days in the fall, winter, mid-spring, summer, and early fall of 2006-2007. Maximum soil evaporation was observed in the summer when maximum demand was combined with maximum surface wetted by the drips and evaporation from the inter-row occurred due to rainfall. Similarly, maximum daily transpiration was observed in mid-spring and summer. Transpiration of MI trees was 30% lower than in HI trees during the summer period. However, this difference in transpiration disappeared when values were adjusted for total leaf area per tree because leaf area was 28% less in the MI trees. Transpiration represented about 70-80% of total crop evapotranspiration (ETc) except when soil evaporation increased due to rainfall events or over-irrigation occurred. We found that daily transpiration per unit leaf area had a positive linear relationship with daily potential evapotranspiration (r2=0.84) when considering both treatments together. But, a strong relationship was also observed between transpiration per unit leaf area and mean air temperature (r2=0.93). Thus, it is possible to predict optimum irrigation requirements for olive groves if tree leaf area and temperature are known. Calculated crop coefficients during the growing season based on the transpiration and soil evaporation values were about 0.65-0.70 and 0.85-0.90 for the MI and HI treatments, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Figuerola, Patricia I. & Correa-Tedesco, Guillermo & Searles, Peter S., 2009. "Seasonal variations in sap flow and soil evaporation in an olive (Olea europaea L.) grove under two irrigation regimes in an arid region of Argentina," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(6), pages 1037-1044, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:96:y:2009:i:6:p:1037-1044
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    1. Fernandez, J. E. & Palomo, M. J. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Clothier, B. E. & Green, S. R. & Giron, I. F. & Moreno, F., 2001. "Heat-pulse measurements of sap flow in olives for automating irrigation: tests, root flow and diagnostics of water stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 99-123, October.
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    3. Grattan, S.R. & Berenguer, M.J. & Connell, J.H. & Polito, V.S. & Vossen, P.M., 2006. "Olive oil production as influenced by different quantities of applied water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 85(1-2), pages 133-140, September.
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    1. Correa-Tedesco, Guillermo & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Searles, Peter S., 2010. "Plant growth and yield responses in olive (Olea europaea) to different irrigation levels in an arid region of Argentina," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(11), pages 1829-1837, November.
    2. Cammalleri, C. & Rallo, G. & Agnese, C. & Ciraolo, G. & Minacapilli, M. & Provenzano, G., 2013. "Combined use of eddy covariance and sap flow techniques for partition of ET fluxes and water stress assessment in an irrigated olive orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 89-97.
    3. Trentacoste, E.R. & Contreras-Zanessi, O. & Beyá-Marshall, V. & Puertas, C.M., 2018. "Genotypic variation of physiological and morphological traits of seven olive cultivars under sustained and cyclic drought in Mendoza, Argentina," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 48-56.
    4. El Hajj, Marcel M. & Johansen, Kasper & Almashharawi, Samer K. & McCabe, Matthew F., 2023. "Water uptake rates over olive orchards using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    5. Li, Xianyue & Yang, Peiling & Ren, Shumei & Li, Yunkai & Liu, Honglu & Du, Jun & Li, Pingfeng & Wang, Caiyuan & Ren, Liang, 2010. "Modeling cherry orchard evapotranspiration based on an improved dual-source model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 12-18, December.
    6. Egea, Gregorio & Fernández, José E. & Alcon, Francisco, 2017. "Financial assessment of adopting irrigation technology for plant-based regulated deficit irrigation scheduling in super high-density olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 47-56.
    7. Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Fernández, J.E., 2016. "Scheduling regulated deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard from leaf turgor pressure related measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 28-37.
    8. Yusong Deng & Gairen Yang & Zhifeng Xie & Jingrui Yu & Daihua Jiang & Zhigang Huang, 2020. "Effects of Different Weeding Methods on the Biomass of Vegetation and Soil Evaporation in Eucalyptus Plantations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-22, May.
    9. Alcaras, L. Martín Agüero & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Searles, Peter S., 2016. "Responses of several soil and plant indicators to post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation in olive trees and their potential for irrigation scheduling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 10-20.
    10. Tito, Richard & Cruz, Rudi & Nina, Alex & Limonchi, Fabian & Puma-Vilca, Beisit L. & Salinas, Norma & Cosio, Eric G., 2024. "Evapotranspiration, carbon dynamics and water use efficiency in a drip-irrigated olive orchard in arid coastal western South America," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    11. Agüero Alcaras, L. Martín & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Searles, Peter S., 2021. "Yield and water productivity responses of olive trees (cv. Manzanilla) to post-harvest deficit irrigation in a non-Mediterranean climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    12. Iglesias, Maria Agustina & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Agüero Alcaras, L. Martín & Hamze, Leila & Searles, Peter S., 2023. "Influence of deficit irrigation and warming on plant water status during the late winter and spring in young olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    13. Rallo, Giovanni & Provenzano, Giuseppe, 2013. "Modelling eco-physiological response of table olive trees (Olea europaea L.) to soil water deficit conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 79-88.
    14. Martín-Vertedor, Ana I. & Rodríguez, Juan M. Pérez & Losada, Henar Prieto & Castiel, Elías Fereres, 2011. "Interactive responses to water deficits and crop load in olive (Olea europaea L., cv. Morisca). II: Water use, fruit and oil yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 950-958, April.

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