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Deficit irrigation during the oil synthesis period affects olive oil quality in high-density orchards (cv. Arbequina)

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  • García, J.M.
  • Hueso, A.
  • Gómez-del- Campo, M.

Abstract

The effect of 4 irrigation doses during the oil synthesis (from the end of August until harvest) on virgin olive oil quality was evaluated in high-density orchards of the cv. Arbequina. The control treatment (T1) kept a humidity bulb close to the field capacity. Three deficit irrigation treatments (T2, T3 and T4) were applied during oil synthesis, providing 68, 40, and 17 % of T1, respectively. The olive fruits were harvested and their oil was extracted and analyzed. Plant water status (Ψstem), oil production, fruit characteristics and fruit temperature were measured. During 2012 mild water stress was produced in a less irrigated treatment T4 (mean Ψstem -2.39 MPa) and deficit irrigation did not affect most of the oil quality parameters. However, in 2013 a higher stress was observed in T4 (-4.76 MPa) and the oil showed higher values for K232, K270, carotenoids, chlorophylls, α-Tocopherols, β-Tocopherols, total tocopherols, palmitoleic acid, estearic acid, and linoleic acid, but lower oil stability than T1. In 2013 hydroxytyrosol, vanillic acid, acetoxypinoresinol, ferulic acid, luteolin and apigenin contents were higher under low stress treatment, producing oil fruitier and more pungent. The total phenol content was the most sensitive oil parameter to water stress and in both years it was significantly higher in the most irrigated treatments. Increasing stress conditions (lower Ψstem) coincided with lower values for oleic, phenols and oxidative stability. However, this stress induced higher vitamin contents (A, E and F). Considering that ‘Arbequina’ oil is characterized by low values for total phenol, oleic acid and oxidative stability, high tree hydration (>-2.21 MPa) should be maintained during oil synthesis for maximum oil production, oxidative stability, oleic acid and high phenol content.

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  • García, J.M. & Hueso, A. & Gómez-del- Campo, M., 2020. "Deficit irrigation during the oil synthesis period affects olive oil quality in high-density orchards (cv. Arbequina)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:230:y:2020:i:c:s0378377419301842
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105858
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    1. Caruso, Giovanni & Gucci, Riccardo & Urbani, Stefania & Esposto, Sonia & Taticchi, Agnese & Di Maio, Ilona & Selvaggini, Roberto & Servili, Maurizio, 2014. "Effect of different irrigation volumes during fruit development on quality of virgin olive oil of cv. Frantoio," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 94-103.
    2. Ahumada-Orellana, Luis E. & Ortega-Farías, Samuel & Searles, Peter S., 2018. "Olive oil quality response to irrigation cut-off strategies in a super-high density orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 81-88.
    3. Gucci, Riccardo & Caruso, Giovanni & Gennai, Clizia & Esposto, Sonia & Urbani, Stefania & Servili, Maurizio, 2019. "Fruit growth, yield and oil quality changes induced by deficit irrigation at different stages of olive fruit development," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 88-98.
    4. Hueso, A. & Trentacoste, E.R. & Junquera, P. & Gómez-Miguel, V. & Gómez-del-Campo, M., 2019. "Differences in stem water potential during oil synthesis determine fruit characteristics and production but not vegetative growth or return bloom in an olive hedgerow orchard (cv. Arbequina)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
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    2. Monasterio, Romina P. & Banco, Adriana P. & Caderón, Facundo J. & Trentacoste, Eduardo R., 2021. "Effects of pre-harvest deficit irrigation during the oil accumulation period on fruit characteristics, oil yield extraction, and oil quality in olive cv. Genovesa in an arid region of Argentina," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
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    4. Hueso, A. & Camacho, G. & Gómez-del-Campo, M., 2021. "Spring deficit irrigation promotes significant reduction on vegetative growth, flowering, fruit growth and production in hedgerow olive orchards (cv. Arbequina)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).

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