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SWAMP: A soil layer water supply model for simulating macroscopic crop water uptake under osmotic stress

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  • Barnard, J.H.
  • Bennie, A.T.P.
  • van Rensburg, L.D.
  • Preez, C.C. du

Abstract

Models like SWAP, HYDRUS and SALTMED compute crop water uptake under osmotic stress with a dimensionless piecewise linear or S-shaped reduction function. Parameters for these functions, to reduce water uptake, corresponds normally to the Maas and Hoffman salinity threshold and slope values. Unfortunately, extensive crop- and site-specific calibration of the parameters is required. This is because these values, amongst other reasons, serve only as guidelines and express salt tolerance at a time and root-zone average soil salinity and not local total potential heads. In this paper an alternative model (Soil WAter Management Program, SWAMP), that does not rely on these parameters and functions were presented and evaluated. The algorithm used by SWAMP to simulate the water supply of a rooted soil layer and hence water uptake, under decreasing matric potentials was adapted to include the effect of decreasing osmotic potentials. Data from a lysimeter trial was used to evaluate SWAMP. The model was calibrated to represent the soil conditions of the trial, i.e. peas and maize were irrigated with EC's between 20 and 600mSm−1 and grown in sand to sandy loam soils with water tables of the same quality. Under these osmotic stress conditions, SWAMP was able to simulate weekly water uptake of both crops grown on both soils well, i.e. the aggregated accuracy, correlation and pattern performance (ISWAMP) were above 75%. No macro-pattern was observed. Thus, the water uptake residuals contain no structure that is not accounted for in the algorithm and parameters. No extensive calibration was necessary because the parameters for the algorithm were calculated from easily measured inputs. From the three most sensitive parameters, only the critical leaf water potential of a crop might be difficult to obtain. SWAMP contains default values for a number of crops. A model is, therefore, presented that simulate the change in osmotic stress with changing soil water content and that does not rely on the salinity threshold and slope parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Barnard, J.H. & Bennie, A.T.P. & van Rensburg, L.D. & Preez, C.C. du, 2015. "SWAMP: A soil layer water supply model for simulating macroscopic crop water uptake under osmotic stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 150-163.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:148:y:2015:i:c:p:150-163
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Letey, J. & Hoffman, G.J. & Hopmans, J.W. & Grattan, S.R. & Suarez, D. & Corwin, D.L. & Oster, J.D. & Wu, L. & Amrhein, C., 2011. "Evaluation of soil salinity leaching requirement guidelines," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(4), pages 502-506, February.
    2. Skaggs, Todd H. & van Genuchten, Martinus Th. & Shouse, Peter J. & Poss, James A., 2006. "Macroscopic approaches to root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 140-149, November.
    3. Letey, J. & Feng, G.L., 2007. "Dynamic versus steady-state approaches to evaluate irrigation management of saline waters," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(1-3), pages 1-10, July.
    4. Ragab, R. & Malash, N. & Abdel Gawad, G. & Arslan, A. & Ghaibeh, A., 2005. "A holistic generic integrated approach for irrigation, crop and field management: 1. The SALTMED model and its calibration using field data from Egypt and Syria," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 78(1-2), pages 67-88, September.
    5. Homaee, M. & Dirksen, C. & Feddes, R. A., 2002. "Simulation of root water uptake: I. Non-uniform transient salinity using different macroscopic reduction functions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 89-109, October.
    6. Ragab, R. & Malash, N. & Gawad, G. Abdel & Arslan, A. & Ghaibeh, A., 2005. "A holistic generic integrated approach for irrigation, crop and field management: 2. The SALTMED model validation using field data of five growing seasons from Egypt and Syria," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 78(1-2), pages 89-107, September.
    7. Corwin, Dennis L. & Rhoades, James D. & Simunek, Jirka, 2007. "Leaching requirement for soil salinity control: Steady-state versus transient models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 165-180, June.
    8. Barnard, J.H. & van Rensburg, L.D. & Bennie, A.T.P. & du Preez, C.C., 2013. "Simulating water uptake of irrigated field crops from non-saline water table soils: Validation and application of the model SWAMP," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 19-32.
    9. Homaee, M. & Feddes, R. A. & Dirksen, C., 2002. "Simulation of root water uptake: II. Non-uniform transient water stress using different reduction functions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 111-126, October.
    10. Homaee, M. & Feddes, R. A. & Dirksen, C., 2002. "Simulation of root water uptake: III. Non-uniform transient combined salinity and water stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 127-144, October.
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    1. Barnard, Johannes Hendrikus & Matthews, Nicolette & du Preez, Christiaan Cornelius, 2021. "Formulating and assessing best water and salt management practices: Lessons from non-saline and water-logged irrigated fields," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    2. Yasuor, Hagai & Yermiyahu, Uri & Ben-Gal, Alon, 2020. "Consequences of irrigation and fertigation of vegetable crops with variable quality water: Israel as a case study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).

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