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Evaluation of subsurface drip irrigation design and management parameters for alfalfa

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  • Kandelous, Maziar M.
  • Kamai, Tamir
  • Vrugt, Jasper A.
  • Šimůnek, Jiří
  • Hanson, Blaine
  • Hopmans, Jan W.

Abstract

Alfalfa is one of the most cultivated crops in the US, and is being used as livestock feed for the dairy, beef, and horse industries. About nine percent of that is grown in California, yet there is an increasing concern about the large amounts of irrigation water required to attain maximum yield. We introduce a conceptual framework to assist in the design and management of subsurface drip irrigation systems for alfalfa that maximize yield, while minimizing deep percolation water losses to groundwater. Our approach combines the strengths of numerical modeling using HYDRUS-2D with nonlinear optimization using AMALGAM and Pareto front analysis. The HYDRUS-2D model is used to simulate spatial and temporal distributions of soil moisture content, root water uptake, and deep drainage in response to drip-line installation depth and distance, emitter discharge, irrigation duration and frequency. This model is coupled with the AMALGAM optimization algorithm to explore tradeoffs between water application, irrigation system parameters, and crop transpiration (Ta), to evaluate best management practices for subsurface drip irrigation systems in alfalfa. Through analysis of various examples, we provide a framework that seeks optimal design and management practices for different root distribution and soil textures.

Suggested Citation

  • Kandelous, Maziar M. & Kamai, Tamir & Vrugt, Jasper A. & Šimůnek, Jiří & Hanson, Blaine & Hopmans, Jan W., 2012. "Evaluation of subsurface drip irrigation design and management parameters for alfalfa," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 81-93.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:109:y:2012:i:c:p:81-93
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.02.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Skaggs, Todd H. & van Genuchten, Martinus Th. & Shouse, Peter J. & Poss, James A., 2006. "Macroscopic approaches to root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 140-149, November.
    2. Hanson, Blaine R. & Simunek, Jirka & Hopmans, Jan W., 2006. "Evaluation of urea-ammonium-nitrate fertigation with drip irrigation using numerical modeling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 102-113, November.
    3. Gardenas, A.I. & Hopmans, J.W. & Hanson, B.R. & Simunek, J., 2005. "Two-dimensional modeling of nitrate leaching for various fertigation scenarios under micro-irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 74(3), pages 219-242, June.
    4. Šimůnek, Jiří & Hopmans, Jan W., 2009. "Modeling compensated root water and nutrient uptake," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(4), pages 505-521.
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    6. Ayars, J.E. & Fulton, A. & Taylor, B., 2015. "Subsurface drip irrigation in California—Here to stay?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 39-47.
    7. Wei Zhu & Ruiquan Qiao & Rui Jiang, 2022. "Modelling of Water and Nitrogen Flow in a Rain-Fed Ridge-Furrow Maize System with Plastic Mulch," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, September.
    8. Peirong Lu & Yaxin Liu & Yujie Yang & Yu Zhu & Zhonghua Jia, 2024. "Evaluating Soil Water–Salt Dynamics under Brackish Water Drip Irrigation in Greenhouses Subjected to Localized Topsoil Compaction," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, March.
    9. Li, Yong & Šimůnek, Jirka & Jing, Longfei & Zhang, Zhentin & Ni, Lixiao, 2014. "Evaluation of water movement and water losses in a direct-seeded-rice field experiment using Hydrus-1D," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 38-46.
    10. Tyler L. Anthony & Daphne J. Szutu & Joseph G. Verfaillie & Dennis D. Baldocchi & Whendee L. Silver, 2023. "Carbon-sink potential of continuous alfalfa agriculture lowered by short-term nitrous oxide emission events," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Galleguillos, Mauricio & Jacob, Frédéric & Prévot, Laurent & Faúndez, Carlos & Bsaibes, Aline, 2017. "Estimation of actual evapotranspiration over a rainfed vineyard using a 1-D water transfer model: A case study within a Mediterranean watershed," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 67-76.
    12. Appels, Willemijn M. & Karimi, Rezvan, 2021. "Analysis of soil wetting patterns in subsurface drip irrigation systems – Indoor alfalfa experiments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    13. Haghnazari, Farzad & Karandish, Fatemeh & Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2020. "Dynamic assessment of the impacts of global warming on nitrate losses from a subsurface-drained rainfed-canola field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    14. Phogat, V. & Šimůnek, J. & Skewes, M.A. & Cox, J.W. & McCarthy, M.G., 2016. "Improving the estimation of evaporation by the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach under subsurface drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 189-200.
    15. Saefuddin, Reskiana & Saito, Hirotaka & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2019. "Experimental and numerical evaluation of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 111-122.
    16. Albasha, Rami & Mailhol, Jean-Claude & Cheviron, Bruno, 2015. "Compensatory uptake functions in empirical macroscopic root water uptake models – Experimental and numerical analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 22-39.
    17. Egea, Gregorio & Diaz-Espejo, Antonio & Fernández, José E., 2016. "Soil moisture dynamics in a hedgerow olive orchard under well-watered and deficit irrigation regimes: Assessment, prediction and scenario analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P2), pages 197-211.
    18. Wang, Yadong & Liu, Chun & Cui, Pengfei & Su, Derong, 2021. "Effects of partial root-zone drying on alfalfa growth, yield and quality under subsurface drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    19. Callau-Beyer, Ana Claudia & Mburu, Martin Mungai & Weßler, Caspar-Friedrich & Amer, Nasser & Corbel, Anne-Laure & Wittnebel, Mareille & Böttcher, Jürgen & Bachmann, Jörg & Stützel, Hartmut, 2024. "Effect of high frequency subsurface drip fertigation on plant growth and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of red cabbage," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    20. Jia, Zhicheng & Ou, Chengming & Sun, Shoujiang & Sun, Ming & Zhao, Yihong & Li, Changran & Zhao, Shiqiang & Wang, Juan & Jia, Shangang & Mao, Peisheng, 2024. "Optimizing drip irrigation managements to improve alfalfa seed yield in semiarid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).

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