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Evaluation of subsurface drip irrigation design and management parameters for alfalfa

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  • Kandelous, Maziar M.
  • Kamai, Tamir
  • Vrugt, Jasper A.
  • Šimůnek, Jiří
  • Hanson, Blaine
  • Hopmans, Jan W.

Abstract

Alfalfa is one of the most cultivated crops in the US, and is being used as livestock feed for the dairy, beef, and horse industries. About nine percent of that is grown in California, yet there is an increasing concern about the large amounts of irrigation water required to attain maximum yield. We introduce a conceptual framework to assist in the design and management of subsurface drip irrigation systems for alfalfa that maximize yield, while minimizing deep percolation water losses to groundwater. Our approach combines the strengths of numerical modeling using HYDRUS-2D with nonlinear optimization using AMALGAM and Pareto front analysis. The HYDRUS-2D model is used to simulate spatial and temporal distributions of soil moisture content, root water uptake, and deep drainage in response to drip-line installation depth and distance, emitter discharge, irrigation duration and frequency. This model is coupled with the AMALGAM optimization algorithm to explore tradeoffs between water application, irrigation system parameters, and crop transpiration (Ta), to evaluate best management practices for subsurface drip irrigation systems in alfalfa. Through analysis of various examples, we provide a framework that seeks optimal design and management practices for different root distribution and soil textures.

Suggested Citation

  • Kandelous, Maziar M. & Kamai, Tamir & Vrugt, Jasper A. & Šimůnek, Jiří & Hanson, Blaine & Hopmans, Jan W., 2012. "Evaluation of subsurface drip irrigation design and management parameters for alfalfa," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 81-93.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:109:y:2012:i:c:p:81-93
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.02.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gardenas, A.I. & Hopmans, J.W. & Hanson, B.R. & Simunek, J., 2005. "Two-dimensional modeling of nitrate leaching for various fertigation scenarios under micro-irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 74(3), pages 219-242, June.
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    4. Phogat, V. & Skewes, Mark A. & Mahadevan, M. & Cox, J.W., 2013. "Evaluation of soil plant system response to pulsed drip irrigation of an almond tree under sustained stress conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1-11.
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    7. Pizarro, E. & Galleguillos, M. & Barría, P. & Callejas, R., 2022. "Irrigation management or climate change ? Which is more important to cope with water shortage in the production of table grape in a Mediterranean context," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
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    9. Ayars, J.E. & Fulton, A. & Taylor, B., 2015. "Subsurface drip irrigation in California—Here to stay?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 39-47.
    10. Egea, Gregorio & Diaz-Espejo, Antonio & Fernández, José E., 2016. "Soil moisture dynamics in a hedgerow olive orchard under well-watered and deficit irrigation regimes: Assessment, prediction and scenario analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P2), pages 197-211.
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    12. Appels, Willemijn M. & Karimi, Rezvan, 2021. "Analysis of soil wetting patterns in subsurface drip irrigation systems – Indoor alfalfa experiments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    13. Haghnazari, Farzad & Karandish, Fatemeh & Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2020. "Dynamic assessment of the impacts of global warming on nitrate losses from a subsurface-drained rainfed-canola field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    14. Wang, Yadong & Liu, Chun & Cui, Pengfei & Su, Derong, 2021. "Effects of partial root-zone drying on alfalfa growth, yield and quality under subsurface drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    15. Callau-Beyer, Ana Claudia & Mburu, Martin Mungai & Weßler, Caspar-Friedrich & Amer, Nasser & Corbel, Anne-Laure & Wittnebel, Mareille & Böttcher, Jürgen & Bachmann, Jörg & Stützel, Hartmut, 2024. "Effect of high frequency subsurface drip fertigation on plant growth and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of red cabbage," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    16. Wei Zhu & Ruiquan Qiao & Rui Jiang, 2022. "Modelling of Water and Nitrogen Flow in a Rain-Fed Ridge-Furrow Maize System with Plastic Mulch," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, September.
    17. Jia, Zhicheng & Ou, Chengming & Sun, Shoujiang & Sun, Ming & Zhao, Yihong & Li, Changran & Zhao, Shiqiang & Wang, Juan & Jia, Shangang & Mao, Peisheng, 2024. "Optimizing drip irrigation managements to improve alfalfa seed yield in semiarid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    18. Peirong Lu & Yaxin Liu & Yujie Yang & Yu Zhu & Zhonghua Jia, 2024. "Evaluating Soil Water–Salt Dynamics under Brackish Water Drip Irrigation in Greenhouses Subjected to Localized Topsoil Compaction," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-22, March.
    19. Phogat, V. & Šimůnek, J. & Skewes, M.A. & Cox, J.W. & McCarthy, M.G., 2016. "Improving the estimation of evaporation by the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach under subsurface drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 189-200.
    20. Saefuddin, Reskiana & Saito, Hirotaka & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2019. "Experimental and numerical evaluation of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 111-122.

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