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Wirkungen des Elterngeldes auf die Fertilität: zum Stand der Kenntnis

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  • Kamila Cygan-Rehm

Abstract

This paper reviews the research on the effects of the recent reform of the parental leave benefit system (Elterngeld) in Germany on fertility. I start with a brief discussion of the economic incentives of the reform and their potential effects on fertility from a theoretical perspective. Then I refer to previous empirical studies that have examined these relationships by using micro data. I discuss their main results and potential threats to internal validity. Although not all studies have been able to identify causal effect, the evidence generally suggests positive fertility responses among high-income couples. In addition, the research indicates substantial regional heterogeneity in fertility responses. The intended fertility effects are stronger in the former East Germany than in the West. Finally, I discuss some policy implications. Die vorliegende Studie stellt den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zu Wirkungen des Elterngeldes auf das Geburtenverhalten vor. Zunächst werden die ökonomischen Anreize des Elterngeldes und deren potenzielle Wirkungen auf die Fertilität aus theoretischer Sicht analysiert. Danach werden empirische Studien vorgestellt, die diese Zusammenhänge mit Mikrodaten untersucht haben. Deren Ergebnisse werden insbesondere hinsichtlich der internen Validität kritisch diskutiert. Obwohl nicht alle Studien als Kausalanalysen aufzufassensind, deutet die bisherige Befundlage auf positive Anreizwirkung des Elterngeldes auf die Bezieher höherer Einkommen. Zudem finden sich einschlägige regionale Unterschiede, wobei sich die intendierten Fertilitätswirkungen stärker in den neuen als in den alten Bundesländern entfalten. Am Schluss werden einige Politikimplikationen diskutiert.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamila Cygan-Rehm, 2014. "Wirkungen des Elterngeldes auf die Fertilität: zum Stand der Kenntnis," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(1), pages 145-162.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:83-1-9
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.83.1.145
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alma Cohen & Rajeev Dehejia & Dmitri Romanov, 2013. "Financial Incentives and Fertility," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 95(1), pages 1-20, March.
    2. repec:lmu:muenar:20154 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Tamm, Marcus, 2013. "The Impact of a Large Parental Leave Benefit Reform on the Timing of Birth around the Day of Implementation," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 75(4), pages 585-601.
    4. Gary S. Becker & H. Gregg Lewis, 1974. "Interaction between Quantity and Quality of Children," NBER Chapters, in: Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital, pages 81-90, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Charlotte Büchner & Peter Haan & Christian Schmitt & C. Katharina Spieß & Katharina Wrohlich, 2006. "Wirkungsstudie "Elterngeld": Gutachten des DIW Berlin im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, Berlin," DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 18, number pbk18.
    6. Bauernschuster, Stefan & Hener, Timo & Rainer, Helmut, 2013. "Does the Expansion of Public Child Care Increase Birth Rates? Evidence from a Low-Fertility Country," VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order 79909, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
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    Cited by:

    1. Holger Stichnoth, 2020. "Short-run fertility effects of parental leave benefits: evidence from a structural model," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 143-168, July.
    2. Holger Bonin & Reinhold Schnabel & Holger Stichnoth, 2014. "Zur Effizienz der ehe- und familienbezogenen Leistungen in Deutschland im Hinblick auf soziale Sicherungs- und Beschäftigungsziele," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(1), pages 29-48.
    3. Holger Stichnoth & Raphael Abiry & Karsten Reuss, 2015. "Completed fertility effects of family policy measures: evidence from a life-cycle model," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(3), pages 1726-1733.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fertility; parental leave; Elterngeld; Germany;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • K36 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Family and Personal Law

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