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Zentrale Prüfungen als "Währung" des Bildungssystems: zur Komplementarität von Schulautonomie und Zentralprüfungen

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  • Ludger Wößmann

Abstract

So wie die Währung im Wirtschaftssystem die Funktion eines "Wertmaßstabes" innehat, können einheitliche Leistungsüberprüfungen im Schulsystem als Bewertungsmaßstab fungieren, der zur Überwindung von Informationsasymmetrien beiträgt und opportunistisches Verhalten dezentraler Entscheidungsträger verhindert. Damit werden Zentralprüfungen zur Voraussetzung dafür, dass dezentral organisierte Schulsysteme zu hohen Schülerleistungen führen können. Diese Komplementarität zwischen Zentralprüfungen und Schulautonomie wird zunächst in einem Prinzipal-Agenten-Ansatz der Bildungsproduktion theoretisch abgebildet und dann anhand der internationalen TIMSS-Schülerleistungsvergleichsstudien empirisch getestet. Die mikroökonometrischen Schätzungen weisen in einem ersten Schritt starke positive Leistungseffekte zentraler Prüfungen nach. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Interaktionseffekte zwischen Zentralprüfungen und Schulautonomie zugelassen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sich Schulautonomie in Schulsystemen ohne Zentralprüfungen vielfach negativ auf Schülerleistungen auswirkt. In Schulsystemen mit Zentralprüfungen werden diese negativen Autonomieeffekte zumeist vollständig abgebaut, und im Fall der Schulautonomie über Lehrergehälter kehren sie sich in stark positive Effekte um. Eine effiziente Bildungspolitik sollte also Zentralprüfungen mit Schulautonomie verbinden, d. h. Standards extern vorgeben und überprüfen, aber den Schulen die Art ihres Erreichens überlassen.

Suggested Citation

  • Ludger Wößmann, 2003. "Zentrale Prüfungen als "Währung" des Bildungssystems: zur Komplementarität von Schulautonomie und Zentralprüfungen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 72(2), pages 220-237.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:72-20-5
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.72.2.220
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ludger Wößmann, 2005. "Leistungsfördernde Anreize für das Schulsystem," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 58(19), pages 18-27, October.
    2. Stefan Arent & Alexander Eck & Oskar Krohmer & Robert Lehmann & Wolfgang Nagl & Joachim Ragnitz & Marcel Thum, 2011. "Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Sachsens im Ländervergleich: Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven: Gutachten im Auftrag der Sächsischen Staatskanzlei," ifo Dresden Studien, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 59.

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