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Polarisierung am österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt?

Author

Listed:
  • Helmut Hofer
  • Gerlinde Titelbach
  • Stefan Vogtenhuber

Abstract

Technologischer Wandel und Globalisierung haben auf den Arbeitsmärkten ihre Spuren hinterlassen. Die Polarisierungshypothese geht davon aus, dass die Arbeitskräftenachfrage sowohl in den Niedrig- als auch Hochlohnberufen zulasten der Berufe im mittleren Lohnsegment ansteigt. Dies lässt sich dadurch erklären, dass in diesen Berufen überdurchschnittlich viele Arbeitsplätze mit Routinetätigkeiten existieren, die aufgrund der technologischen Entwicklung wegrationalisiert werden können. Seit Beginn der 1990er-Jahre finden sich Hinweise auf Polarisierungstendenzen am Arbeitsmarkt insbesondere für die USA und Großbritannien, etwas später auch für andere europäische Länder. In diesem Artikel wird die Gültigkeit der Polarisierungshypothese für den österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt anhand der Daten der Arbeitskräfteerhebung für den Zeitraum 1994 bis 2015 untersucht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen zwar einen relativen Beschäftigungsrückgang bei den Berufen im mittleren Lohnsegment. Da aber auch die Niedriglohnberufe an Bedeutung verlieren, besteht keine aussagekräftige Evidenz für Polarisierung. Darüber hinaus verlieren Berufe mit einem hohen Anteil an manuellen Routinetätigkeiten im Zeitverlauf an Bedeutung.

Suggested Citation

  • Helmut Hofer & Gerlinde Titelbach & Stefan Vogtenhuber, 2017. "Polarisierung am österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt?," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 43(3), pages 379-404.
    • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2017v:43i:3p:379
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    1. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Michael Böheim & Elisabeth Christen & Stefan Ederer & Matthias Firgo & Klaus Friesenbichler & Werner Hölzl & Mathias Kirchner & Angela Köppl & Agnes Kügler & Christine Mayrhu, 2018. "Politischer Handlungsspielraum zur optimalen Nutzung der Vorteile der Digitalisierung für Wirtschaftswachstum, Beschäftigung und Wohlstand," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61256, March.
    2. Gunther Tichy, 2021. "Polarisierung der Gesellschaft in Österreich?," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 47(1), pages 41-61.
    3. Gunther Tichy, 2018. "Polarisierung der beruflichen Anforderungen durch die Digitalisierung?," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 91(3), pages 177-190, March.
    4. Stefan Vogtenhuber & David Baumegger & Lorenz Lassnigg, 2017. "Überqualifikation und Verdrängung am österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt im Zeitverlauf," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 43(4), pages 535-568.

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