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Public transport and gentrification. Evidence from São Paulo metro new stations

Author

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  • Vitor Pestana Ostrensky
  • Alexandre Alves Porsse
  • Leonardo Matsuno da Frota

Abstract

Studies in regional science show the influence of public transport on gentrification. However, the vast majority of published works deal with cases in developed countries and do not account for selection bias or endogeneity. This work uses a difference‐in‐differences model, combined with a propensity score matching, to analyze the effects of new metro stations between 2000 and 2010 in São Paulo, Brazil. The analysis relies on outcome variables typically used in the gentrification literature. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of new metro stations on income and the ratio of apartments to total dwellings. There was no effect on the proportion of young adults, rented apartments, or single owners. We argue that our findings provide partial evidence of transit‐induced gentrification related to the new metro stations in São Paulo. Los estudios de ciencias regionales muestran la influencia del transporte público en la gentrificación. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de los trabajos publicados se refieren a casos de países desarrollados y no tienen en cuenta el sesgo de selección o la endogeneidad. Este trabajo utiliza un modelo de diferencias en diferencias, combinado con un pareamiento por puntaje de propensión, para analizar los efectos de las nuevas estaciones de metro entre 2000 y 2010 en São Paulo (Brasil). El análisis se basa en las variables de resultado utilizadas habitualmente en la literatura sobre gentrificación. Los resultados indican un efecto positivo y significativo de las nuevas estaciones de metro sobre los ingresos y la proporción de apartamentos respecto al total de viviendas. No hubo ningún efecto sobre la proporción de adultos jóvenes, apartamentos alquilados o propietarios individuales. Se sostiene que nuestros resultados proporcionan pruebas parciales de la gentrificación inducida por el tránsito relacionada con las nuevas estaciones de metro en São Paulo. 地域科学研究では、公共交通機関がジェントリフィケーションに及ぼす影響が示されている。しかし、発表された文献のほとんどは、先進国の事例を扱っており、選択バイアスや内生性を説明していない。本稿では、傾向スコアマッチングを組み合わせた差分の差モデルを使用して、ブラジルのサンパウロの2000~2010年における、新しい地下鉄駅の影響を分析する。分析は、ジェントリフィケーションに関する文献で典型的に用いられる結果変数に依存している。結果から、新しい地下鉄駅が、収入と総住宅数に対する集合住宅の割合に正の有意な影響を与えていることが示される。若年層、賃貸物件、単身者の割合に対する影響は認められなかった。我々の調査結果から、サンパウロの新しい地下鉄駅に関連した交通機関が誘発するジェントリフィケーションの部分的エビデンスが示されたことが考えられる。

Suggested Citation

  • Vitor Pestana Ostrensky & Alexandre Alves Porsse & Leonardo Matsuno da Frota, 2022. "Public transport and gentrification. Evidence from São Paulo metro new stations," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 254-269, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:254-269
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12536
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