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Avoiding the blame game: NGOs and government narrative strategies in landscape fire policy debates in Russia

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  • Tatiana Chalaya
  • Artem Uldanov

Abstract

To what extent can nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) communicate policy problems in an authoritarian country, and how limited are they in narrating policy alternatives? This article seeks to develop studies on the application of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) in Russia, extend our knowledge about the use of narrative strategies in centralized and authoritarian policy processes, highlight certain methodological peculiarities related to the devil–angel shift calculation, and test causal mechanism hypotheses that have not previously been applied to the analysis of policy debates in Russia. The study examines hypotheses based on the narrative strategies (devil–angel shift, scope of conflict, and causal mechanisms) that were used by government and NGO coalitions in the debate about “landscape fire” policies in Russia over the period 2019–2021. The results show that the differences between the coalition's narrative strategies were not as significant as had been shown previously. The government coalition uses a strong angel shift in its narratives and avoids conflict expansion. The NGO coalition demonstrates a moderate angel shift, but with the use of conflict expansion in parts of the narratives. Both coalitions use the intentional or inadvertent causal mechanism blaming the citizens for starting the fires, but differ in employing causal mechanisms when discussing the large scale of landscape fires. 威权国家中的非政府组织(NGO)能够在多大程度上传播政策问题?它们在叙述政策替代选项方面的局限性有多大?本文旨在开展关于叙事政策框架(NPF)在俄罗斯的应用研究、增进理解中央集权和威权主义政策过程中叙事策略的使用、强调与“丑化政治对手‐美化政治盟友”相关的某些方法论特点、以及检验尚未应用于俄罗斯政策辩论分析的一系列因果机制假设。本研究检验了一系列假设,这些假设基于2019‐2021年间政府和非政府组织联盟在俄罗斯“景观火灾”政策辩论中使用的叙事策略(丑化政治对手‐美化政治盟友、冲突范围、因果机制)。结果表明,联盟叙事策略之间的差异并不像之前所显示的那么显著。政府联盟在其叙事中使用了强有力的“美化政治盟友”策略,并避免冲突扩大。非政府组织联盟展示了温和的“美化政治盟友”策略,但在部分叙事中使用了“冲突扩张”策略。两个联盟都使用了有意或无意的因果机制来将引发火灾的责任归咎于公民,但在讨论大规模景观火灾时采用了不同的因果机制。. ¿Hasta qué punto pueden las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) comunicar los problemas de política en un país autoritario y cuán limitadas están a la hora de narrar alternativas de política? Este artículo busca desarrollar estudios sobre la aplicación del Marco de Políticas Narrativa (NPF) en Rusia, ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre el uso de estrategias narrativas en procesos políticos centralizados y autoritarios, resaltar ciertas peculiaridades metodológicas relacionadas con el cálculo del cambio ángel‐diablo, y Probar hipótesis sobre mecanismos causales que no se han aplicado previamente al análisis del debate político en Rusia. El estudio examina hipótesis basadas en las estrategias narrativas (cambio de ángel‐diablo, alcance del conflicto y mecanismos causales) que fueron utilizadas por el gobierno y las coaliciones de ONG en el debate sobre las políticas de “incendios paisajísticos” en Rusia durante el período 2019–2021. Los resultados muestran que las diferencias entre las estrategias narrativas de la coalición no fueron tan significativas como se había demostrado anteriormente. La coalición de gobierno utiliza un fuerte cambio de ángel en sus narrativas y evita la expansión del conflicto. La coalición de ONG demuestra un cambio de ángel moderado, pero con el uso de la expansión del conflicto en algunas partes de las narrativas. Ambas coaliciones utilizan el mecanismo causal intencional o involuntario para culpar a los ciudadanos por iniciar los incendios, pero difieren en el empleo de mecanismos causales cuando se analiza la gran escala de los incendios paisajísticos.

Suggested Citation

  • Tatiana Chalaya & Artem Uldanov, 2024. "Avoiding the blame game: NGOs and government narrative strategies in landscape fire policy debates in Russia," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 41(6), pages 892-920, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:41:y:2024:i:6:p:892-920
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12598
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    1. Caroline Schlaufer & Marina Pilkina & Tatiana Chalaya & Tatiana Khaynatskaya & Tatiana Voronova & Aleksandra Pozhivotko, 2022. "How do civil society organizations communicate in an authoritarian setting? A narrative analysis of the Russian waste management debate," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(6), pages 730-751, November.
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    1. Caroline Schlaufer & Annemieke van den Dool, 2024. "Policy processes in authoritarian settings," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 41(6), pages 860-864, November.

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