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Shaping the Scope of Conflict in Scotland’s Fracking Debate: Conflict Management and the Narrative Policy Framework

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  • Hannes R. Stephan

Abstract

This study applies a narrative lens to policy actors’ discursive strategies in the Scottish debate over fracking. Based on a sample of 226 newspaper articles (2011–2017) and drawing on key elements of the narrative policy framework (NPF), the research examines how policy coalitions have characterized their supporters, their opponents, and the main regulator (Scottish government). It also explores how actors have sought to expand or contain the scope of conflict to favor their policy objectives. Empirically, only the government strives for conflict containment, whereas both pro‐ and anti‐fracking groups prioritize conflict expansion through characterization contests and the diffusion and concentration of the costs/risks and benefits of fracking. In theoretical terms, the study proposes that Sarah Pralle’s conflict management model, which emphasizes symmetrical strategies of conflict expansion by both coalitions, is a potential tool to revise extant NPF expectations about the different narrative strategies of winning and losing coalitions. Moreover, the fact that policy actors mostly employ negatively rather than positively framed characters in their narratives may be a valid expectation for similar policy conflicts, particularly under conditions of regulatory uncertainty. 定义苏格兰水力压裂辩论中的冲突范围:冲突管理和叙事政策框架 本文透过叙事视角研究了苏格兰水力压裂辩论中政策行动者的话语策略。基于一个由226篇报刊文章(2011年至2017年)组成的样本,并利用叙事政策框架(NPF)的关键要素,本研究检验了政策联盟如何描述其支持者、反对者、和主要监管者(苏格兰政府)。本文还探究了行动者如何试图扩大或抑制冲突范围,以支持其政策目标。实证上,只有政府为抑制冲突作出努力,而水力压裂的支持集团或反对集团则优先从叙事竞争、成本/风险的扩散和集中、和水力压裂的利益等方面扩大冲突。理论上,本研究认为,Pralle(2006)的冲突管理模型(强调双方联盟在扩大冲突一事上的对称策略)所提供的见解是一个潜在的工具,用于修订现有NPF对获胜联盟和失败联盟的不同叙述策略所持的期望。此外,政策行动者基本在其叙事中进行消极而不是积极叙述这一事实可能是对相似政策冲突的一个合理的期望,尤其是在监管存在不确定性的情况下 Dando forma al alcance del conflicto en el debate sobre el fracking de Escocia: Manejo de conflictos y el marco de política narrativa Este estudio aplica una lente narrativa a las estrategias discursivas de los actores políticos en el debate escocés sobre fracking. Sobre la base de una muestra de 226 artículos periodísticos (2011 ‐ 2017) y basándose en elementos clave del marco de política narrativa (NPF), la investigación examina cómo las coaliciones de políticas han caracterizado a sus partidarios, sus opositores. y el principal regulador (gobierno escocés). También explora cómo los actores han tratado de expandir o contener el alcance del conflicto para favorecer sus objetivos políticos. Empíricamente, solo el gobierno se esfuerza por contener el conflicto, mientras que los grupos pro y anti fracking priorizan la expansión del conflicto a través de concursos de caracterización y la difusión y concentración de los costos / riesgos y beneficios del fracking. En términos teóricos, el estudio propone que las ideas del modelo de gestión de conflictos de Pralle (2006), que enfatiza las estrategias simétricas de expansión de conflictos por ambas coaliciones, es una herramienta potencial para revisar las expectativas existentes de NPF sobre las diferentes estrategias narrativas de ganar y perder coaliciones. Además, el hecho de que los actores políticos empleen principalmente personajes enmarcados negativamente en lugar de enmarcados positivamente puede ser una expectativa válida para conflictos políticos similares, particularmente en condiciones de incertidumbre regulatoria.

Suggested Citation

  • Hannes R. Stephan, 2020. "Shaping the Scope of Conflict in Scotland’s Fracking Debate: Conflict Management and the Narrative Policy Framework," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(1), pages 64-91, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:37:y:2020:i:1:p:64-91
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12365
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    1. Andrew Pattison & William Cipolli & Jose Marichal, 2022. "The devil we know and the angel that did not fly: An examination of devil/angel shift in twitter fracking “debates” in NY 2008–2018," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(1), pages 51-72, January.
    2. Jonathan W. A. Ruff & Gregory Stelmach & Michael D. Jones, 2022. "Space for stories: legislative narratives and the establishment of the US Space Force," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 55(3), pages 509-553, September.
    3. Caroline Schlaufer & Marina Pilkina & Tatiana Chalaya & Tatiana Khaynatskaya & Tatiana Voronova & Aleksandra Pozhivotko, 2022. "How do civil society organizations communicate in an authoritarian setting? A narrative analysis of the Russian waste management debate," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(6), pages 730-751, November.
    4. Heather Millar, 2020. "Problem Uncertainty, Institutional Insularity, and Modes of Learning in Canadian Provincial Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(6), pages 765-796, November.
    5. Simon Schaub, 2021. "Public contestation over agricultural pollution: a discourse network analysis on narrative strategies in the policy process," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 54(4), pages 783-821, December.

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