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The determinants of elderly migration in France

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  • Alexandra Schaffar
  • Michel Dimou
  • El Mouhoub Mouhoud

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study elderly migration in France. First, it analyses whether the decision to migrate relies upon individual characteristics. Second, it examines the ways in which the economic, social and environmental characteristics of the French territories determine the retirees' choice of localization. The paper draws upon a unique database of 12.67 million French inhabitants, with information about their personal attributes and locational choices from 2003 to 2008. It also uses an original database with locational characteristics for the French territories at the level of the 364 zones d'emploi. This is the only study on regional migration in France which builds upon such a thin spatial level of analysis. The paper builds empirical probit and Heckman models dealing with selection bias and endogeneity bias issues. The paper shows that retirees usually leave large agglomerations and old industrial areas in Northern France and the Paris agglomeration and relocate to socially and environmentally attractive zones with preferable climates. When studying the migration patterns within the zones d'emploi, it appears that the most vulnerable zones, which display a lower quality of collective services as well as higher income disparities and crime rates, feature lower elderly residential mobility. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la migración de las personas mayores en Francia. En primer lugar, se analiza si la decisión de migrar se basa en características individuales. En segundo lugar, se examinan las formas en que las características económicas, sociales y medioambientales de los territorios franceses determinan la elección de la localización por parte de las personas jubiladas. El artículo hace uso de una base de datos única de 12,67 millones de habitantes franceses, con información sobre sus atributos personales y sus elecciones de ubicación entre 2003 y 2008. También utiliza una base de datos original con las características de la ubicación de los territorios franceses a nivel de las 364 zonas de empleo. Este es el único estudio sobre la migración regional en Francia que se basa en un nivel de análisis espacial tan reducido. El artículo desarrolla modelos empíricos probit y de Heckman que abordan el sesgo de selección y los problemas de sesgo por endogeneidad. El artículo muestra que las personas jubiladas suelen dejar las grandes aglomeraciones y las antiguas zonas industriales en el norte de Francia y la aglomeración de París y se trasladan a zonas tanto social como ambientalmente atractivas y con climas benignos. Al estudiar los patrones de migración dentro de las zonas de empleo, parece ser que las zonas más vulnerables, que presentan una menor calidad de servicios colectivos, así como mayores disparidades de ingresos y tasas de delincuencia, presentan una menor movilidad residencial de las personas mayores. 本稿の目的はフランスにおける高齢者の移住を研究することである。はじめに、移住の決定が個人の特性に依存するか否かを分析する。次に、フランス領土各地の経済、社会、環境の特性が、退職者の選択の一極集中をどのように決定するかを検討する。2003年~2008年の個人属性や居住地の選択に関する情報を含む12,670,000人のフランスの居住者のユニークなデータベースを利用する。 364 の雇用ゾーン (zones d'emploi)のレベルでのフランス領土各地の立地特性を収めたオリジナルのデータベースも利用する。これほどに詳細な空間レベルでの分析を基にフランスにおける移住を調査した研究はこれが唯一のものである。また、選択バイアスと内生的バイアスの問題に対処する実証的プロビット関数モデルとヘックマンモデルを作成する。退職者は、フランス北部の大きな集積地や古い産業地帯、パリの集積地を離れて、気候が好ましく、社会的および環境的に魅力がある地域に移住することが多い。雇用ゾーン内の移住パターンを調査したところ、公共サービス (collective services)の質が低く、所得格差が大きく、犯罪率が高い最も脆弱なゾーンでは高齢者の移住の動きは少ないようである。

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra Schaffar & Michel Dimou & El Mouhoub Mouhoud, 2019. "The determinants of elderly migration in France," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(2), pages 951-972, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:98:y:2019:i:2:p:951-972
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12374
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