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Trade‐agreement compensation in supply‐managed industries

Author

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  • Ryan Cardwell
  • Scott Biden

Abstract

Recent Canadian preferential trade agreements (PTAs) include increased market access for imports of supply‐managed products (dairy and poultry). Such agreements are typically expected to create trade flows and increase supply of relatively low‐priced products in Canada. Industry groups representing Canadian producers and processors of supply‐managed products negotiated to receive approximately C$5 billion in payments from the federal government as compensation for the prospects of facing more international competition and reduced domestic sales. We discuss partial‐equilibrium simulation models that are commonly used by academics and governments to project market effects of new trade agreements, and conceptually illustrate how different assumptions about import supply conditions generate different projected market outcomes. We focus on the quota fill rates of new access commitments—most studies, including those used to inform government policies on compensation payments, assume imports increase in an amount equal to new commitments. This is often not the case, including with recent Canadian trade agreements. We apply a conceptual framework to Canada's supply‐management industry by re‐simulating a quantitative model of the Canadian dairy industry with updated information on implementation and quota fill rates. Projected market effects of trade agreements under the assumption of full import quotas are markedly different from projections that account for unfilled quotas. We discuss the political economy and welfare implications of compensation payments in light of our analysis. Les récents accords commerciaux préférentiels canadiens comprennent un accès accru au marché pour les importations de produits soumis à la gestion de l'offre (lait et volaille). On s'attend généralement à ce que de tels accords créent des flux commerciaux et augmentent l'offre de produits à prix relativement bas au Canada. Des groupes industriels représentant les producteurs et transformateurs canadiens de produits soumis à la gestion de l'offre ont négocié afin d'obtenir environ 5 milliards de dollars canadiens en paiements du gouvernement fédéral en guise de compensation pour la perspective de faire face à une concurrence internationale accrue et à une réduction des ventes intérieures. Nous discutons des modèles de simulation d’équilibre partiel qui sont couramment utilisés par les universitaires et les gouvernements pour projeter les effets sur le marché des nouveaux accords commerciaux, et illustrons conceptuellement comment différentes hypothèses sur les conditions de l'offre d'importations génèrent différents résultats projetés sur le marché. Nous nous concentrons sur les taux d'utilisation des quotas des nouveaux engagements d'accès : la plupart des études, y compris celles utilisées pour éclairer les politiques gouvernementales sur les paiements de compensation, supposent que les importations augmentent d'un montant égal aux nouveaux engagements. Ce n'est souvent pas le cas, notamment dans le cas des récents accords commerciaux canadiens. Nous appliquons un cadre conceptuel à l'industrie canadienne de la gestion de l'offre en simulant à nouveau un modèle quantitatif de l'industrie laitière canadienne avec des informations mises à jour sur la mise en œuvre et les taux d'utilisation des quotas. Les effets projetés des accords commerciaux sur le marché dans l'hypothèse de quotas d'importation complets sont nettement différents des projections prenant en compte les quotas non remplis. Nous discutons des implications sur l’économie politique et le bien‐être des paiements d'indemnisation à la lumière de notre analyse.

Suggested Citation

  • Ryan Cardwell & Scott Biden, 2024. "Trade‐agreement compensation in supply‐managed industries," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 72(3), pages 271-283, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:72:y:2024:i:3:p:271-283
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12337
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