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Family poverty over the early life course and recurrent adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression: A longitudinal study

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  • Najman, J.M.
  • Hayatbakhsh, M.R.
  • Clavarino, A.
  • Bor, W.
  • O'Callaghan, M.J.
  • Williams, G.M.

Abstract

Objectives. We determined whether exposure to family poverty over a child's early life course predicts adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression. Methods. We used a birth cohort study of a sample of women in Brisbane, Australia, who were recruited in early pregnancy and whose children were followed up on at ages 14 and 21 years. Some 2609 mothers and adolescents provided usable data at the 14- and 21-year follow-ups. Results. After adjustment for poverty at other phases, poverty at the 14-year follow-up was the strongest predictor of adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression. The more frequently the child was exposed to poverty, the greater was the risk of that individual being anxious and depressed at both the 14- and 21-year follow-ups. Conclusions. Family poverty predicts higher rates of adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression. Increased frequency of child exposure to poverty is a consistent predictor of adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression. Repeated experiences of poverty over a child's early life course are associated with increased levels of poor mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Najman, J.M. & Hayatbakhsh, M.R. & Clavarino, A. & Bor, W. & O'Callaghan, M.J. & Williams, G.M., 2010. "Family poverty over the early life course and recurrent adolescent and young adult anxiety and depression: A longitudinal study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(9), pages 1719-1723.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2009.180943_1
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.180943
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    1. Reiss, Franziska, 2013. "Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 24-31.
    2. Laborda, Leopoldo & Elosúa, M. Rosa & Gómez-Veiga, Isabel, 2019. "Ethnicity and intelligence in children exposed to poverty environments: An analysis using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 49-58.
    3. Hongyan Liu & Yaojiang Shi & Emma Auden & Scott Rozelle, 2018. "Anxiety in Rural Chinese Children and Adolescents: Comparisons across Provinces and among Subgroups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Genevieve Gariepy & Frank J Elgar & Mariane Sentenac & Christopher Barrington-Leigh, 2017. "Early-life family income and subjective well-being in adolescents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-11, July.
    5. Miia Bask & Pasi Haapakorva & Mika Gissler & Tiina Ristikari, 2021. "Growing up in economic hardship: The relationship between childhood social assistance recipiency and early adulthood obstacles," International Journal of Social Welfare, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(2), pages 130-139, April.
    6. Mathew D Gayman & Ben Lennox Kail & Amy Spring & George R GreenidgeJr, 2018. "Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men: An Application of the Stress Process Model," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 73(2), pages 219-229.
    7. Yujuan Gao & Derek Hu & Evan Peng & Cody Abbey & Yue Ma & Chyi-In Wu & Chia-Yuan Chang & Wei-Ting Hung & Scott Rozelle, 2020. "Depressive Symptoms and the Link with Academic Performance among Rural Taiwanese Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
    8. Mehfooz Ahmad & Aqeel Khan, 2018. "Examining Mental Health Of Educated Unemployed," Education, Sustainability & Society (ESS), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 1(2), pages 1-4, August.
    9. Steare, Thomas & Evans-Lacko, Sara & Araya, Mesele & Cueto, Santiago & Dang, Hai-Anh h & Ellanki, Revathi & Garman, Emily & Lewis, Gemma & Rose-Clarke, Kelly & Patalay, Praveetha, 2024. "Economic inequalities in adolescents’ internalising symptoms: longitudinal evidence from eight countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 125777, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. Wan-Lin Chiang & Tung-liang Chiang, 2019. "Early Poverty and Children’s General Health at 8 Years of Age in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(6), pages 2067-2077, December.
    11. Hongxiang Guo & Wenjie Yang & Ying Cao & Jian Li & Johannes Siegrist, 2014. "Effort-Reward Imbalance at School and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    12. Jon Ivar Elstad & Axel West Pedersen, 2012. "The Impact of Relative Poverty on Norwegian Adolescents’ Subjective Health: A Causal Analysis with Propensity Score Matching," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-17, December.
    13. Kelly Huegaerts & Bram Spruyt & Christophe Vanroelen, 2018. "Youth Unemployment and Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Embodiment," Societies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-14, June.
    14. Sarah E. Johnson & David Lawrence & Francisco Perales & Janeen Baxter & Stephen R. Zubrick, 2019. "Poverty, Parental Mental Health and Child/Adolescent Mental Disorders: Findings from a National Australian Survey," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(3), pages 963-988, June.
    15. Rikuya Hosokawa & Toshiki Katsura, 2018. "Effect of socioeconomic status on behavioral problems from preschool to early elementary school – A Japanese longitudinal study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(5), pages 1-23, May.
    16. Franziska Reiss & Ann-Katrin Meyrose & Christiane Otto & Thomas Lampert & Fionna Klasen & Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, 2019. "Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, March.
    17. Gwyther Rees, 2018. "The Association of Childhood Factors with Children’s Subjective Well-Being and Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties at 11 years old," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(4), pages 1107-1129, August.
    18. Badri, Abdelrahman & Eltayeb, Shahla & Mohamed, Marwa & Verdeli, Helen, 2020. "Mental health and resilience status of Eritrean unaccompanied refugee minors in Sudan," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).

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