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Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men: An Application of the Stress Process Model

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  • Mathew D Gayman
  • Ben Lennox Kail
  • Amy Spring
  • George R GreenidgeJr

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study employs the stress process model (SPM) to identify risk/protective factors for mental health among adult African American men.MethodUsing a community-based sample of Miami, FL residents linked to neighborhood Census data, this study identifies risk/protective factors for depressive symptomatology using a sample of 248 adult African American men.ResultsThe stress process variables independently associated with depressive symptoms were family support, mastery, self-esteem, chronic stressors, and daily discrimination. While mastery and self-esteem mediated the relationship between neighborhood income and depressive symptoms, perceived family support served as a buffer for stress exposure. Collectively, the SPM explains nearly half of the variability in depressive symptoms among African American men.DiscussionThe SPM is a useful conceptual framework for identifying psychosocial risk/protective factors and directing health initiatives and policies aimed at improving the psychological health of African American men.

Suggested Citation

  • Mathew D Gayman & Ben Lennox Kail & Amy Spring & George R GreenidgeJr, 2018. "Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men: An Application of the Stress Process Model," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 73(2), pages 219-229.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:73:y:2018:i:2:p:219-229.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gbx076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kimberly A. Skarupski & Carlos F. Mendes de Leon & Julia L. Bienias & Lisa L. Barnes & Susan A. Everson-Rose & Robert S. Wilson & Denis A. Evans, 2005. "Black–White Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 60(3), pages 136-142.
    2. Hammond, W.P., 2012. "Taking it like a man: Masculine role norms as moderators of the racial discrimination-depressive symptoms association among African American men," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(S2), pages 232-241.
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    4. Williams, D.R., 2003. "The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(5), pages 724-731.
    5. Schulz, Amy J. & Israel, Barbara A. & Zenk, Shannon N. & Parker, Edith A. & Lichtenstein, Richard & Shellman-Weir, Sheryl & A.B., Laura Klem, 2006. "Psychosocial stress and social support as mediators of relationships between income, length of residence and depressive symptoms among African American women on Detroit's eastside," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 510-522, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brooks Yelton & Daniela B. Friedman & Samuel Noblet & Matthew C. Lohman & Michelle A. Arent & Mark M. Macauda & Mayank Sakhuja & Katherine H. Leith, 2022. "Social Determinants of Health and Depression among African American Adults: A Scoping Review of Current Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-36, January.
    2. Qian Liu & Haimin Pan & Yuanyuan Wu, 2020. "Migration Status, Internet Use, and Social Participation among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Consequences for Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.

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