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Socio-economic Considerations and International Trade Agreements

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  • Smyth, Stuart J.
  • Falck-Zepeda, Jose

Abstract

The provision for the inclusion of socio-economic considerations in domestic regulatory frameworks pertaining to living modified organisms has been established by Article 26 of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Many countries are considering, or have considered, inclusion of socio-economic aspects in their domestic legislation, raising international concern that socio-economic risk assessments will become a mandatory part of approval processes and further complicate the approval, and international trade, of new genetically modified crops. Barriers to international trade, unfortunately, enjoy a long and robust history. The objective of this article is to review the various international agreements that have a governance capacity pertaining to international trade and assess how these agreements might interpret the domestic implementation of socio-economic risk assessments. The result of this will be a clearer understanding of what cost and benefit tradeoffs will be required by countries that have included, or are planning to include, socio-economic considerations as part of their domestic regulatory framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Smyth, Stuart J. & Falck-Zepeda, Jose, 2013. "Socio-economic Considerations and International Trade Agreements," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 14(01), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ecjilt:151447
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.151447
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. William A. Kerr & Jill E. Hobbs, 2002. "The North American–European Union Dispute Over Beef Produced Using Growth Hormones: A Major Test for the New International Trade Regime," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 283-296, February.
    2. Isaac, Grant E., 2003. "The WTO and the Cartagena Protocol: International Policy Coordination or Conflict?," CAFRI: Current Agriculture, Food and Resource Issues, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society, issue 4, pages 1-8, December.
    3. Jose Benjamin Falck‐Zepeda & Patricia Zambrano, 2011. "Socio‐economic Considerations in Biosafety and Biotechnology Decision Making: The Cartagena Protocol and National Biosafety Frameworks," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 28(2), pages 171-195, March.
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    5. Smale, Melinda & Zambrano, Patricia & Gruère, Guillaume & Falck-Zepeda, José & Matuschke, Ira & Horna, Daniela & Nagarajan, Latha & Yerramareddy, Indira & Jones, Hannah, 2009. "Measuring the economic impacts of transgenic crops in developing agriculture during the first decade: Approaches, findings, and future directions," Food policy reviews 10, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
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    Cited by:

    1. Ludlow, Karinne & Smyth, Stuart J. & Falck-Zepeda, Jose, 2016. "Consistency of Assessment of Socio-Economic Considerations under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety with Other International Obligations," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 17(2), pages 1-36, December.

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