IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/adx/journl/v4y2022i3p196-204.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Digital Divide in Pakistan: Barriers to ICT Usage among the Individuals of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Waqas Shair
  • Abdul Waheed
  • Muhammad Mubasher Kamran
  • Neelam Kubra

Abstract

The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) revolution has radically improved connectivity across the globe and pervaded into most aspects of modern human life. The fourth industrial revolution is currently taking place, and it will be digital. Pakistan has made significant progress in the last few years in IT, but currently, Pakistan is ranked 135 out of 144 in access to the internet. This low level of ICT usage depends on the multiple factors affecting the individual's decision to ICT usage. For this purpose, this study surveys the correlates of ICT use capabilities in Pakistan. ICT usage is composite of specified digital skills. The data sourced from PSLM – HIES survey (2018-2019) was used for empirical analysis. The empirical evidence is based on the Logit model. The marginal effects of the Logit model suggest that socioeconomic, demographic, regional, and supply-side factors well explain the variation in the ICT usage capabilities of the individuals. Moreover, the leading determinants of the digital divide are ICT infrastructure and access to focal technology. We found a sizeable digital divide among the individuals of Pakistan. This study is an implication of target 9c of the ninth goal of sustainable development goals related to increasing access to ICT and striving to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least-developed countries. The study's findings help the researcher highlight the factors hindering the ICT use capabilities of individuals and bridging Pakistan's digital divide diffusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Waqas Shair & Abdul Waheed & Muhammad Mubasher Kamran & Neelam Kubra, 2022. "Digital Divide in Pakistan: Barriers to ICT Usage among the Individuals of Pakistan," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 4(3), pages 196-204.
    • Handle: RePEc:adx:journl:v:4:y:2022:i:3:p:196-204
    DOI: 10.52223/jei4032206
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.52223/jei4032206
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.52223/jei4032206?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tasneem Zafar & Khalid Aftab, 2007. "Digital Divide: An Econometric Study of the Determinants in Information-poor Countries," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 46(1), pages 63-96.
    2. Jamil, Sadia, 2021. "From digital divide to digital inclusion: Challenges for wide-ranging digitalization in Pakistan," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(8).
    3. repec:aly:journl:202047 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Nelson, Charles R. & Plosser, Charles I., 1982. "Trends and random walks in macroeconmic time series : Some evidence and implications," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 139-162.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Waqas Shair & Salman Arif Mir & Saem Hussain & Sara Bukhari, 2023. "Effect of Safety Net Program on Household Food Insecurity in Pakistan," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 9(1), pages 131-141, March.
    2. Myra Imran Rafiq, 2023. "Bridging the Digital Divide through Social Inclusion: A Cross- Country Analysis Study of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 5(1), pages 69-75.
    3. Saem Hussain & Waqas Shair & Salman Arif Mir & Said Aleemuddin, 2023. "Public Health Care Services in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis of Drivers of Utilisation," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 5(2), pages 155-161.
    4. Asma Halim & Irshad Ahmad Arshad & Summaira Haroon & Waqas Shair, 2022. "A Comparative Study of Modified Hidden Logits Using Randomized Response Techniques," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 447-461, December.
    5. Salman Arif Mir & Waqas Shair & Saem Hussain & Said Aleemuddin, 2023. "Factors Influencing Household Satisfaction with Public Healthcare Services," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 9(2), pages 422-432.
    6. Raja Mazhar Hameed & Abdul Rafae Mazhar Raja, 2023. "The Impact of Green Awareness on Green Purchase Intentions with Mediating Effect of Green Trust: A Consumer Perspective," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 9(2), pages 60-67.
    7. Waqas Shair & Tatheer Zahra & Muhammad Tayyab & Neelam Kubra, 2022. "The Impact of the Digital Divide on Wage Gaps among Individuals in Pakistan," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 97-107, December.
    8. Waqas Shair & Muhammad Tayyab & Sumaira Nawaz & Kanza Amjad, 2023. "Digital Divide In Pakistan: Barriers To Ict Adoption," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 12(2), pages 243-252.
    9. Barra, Cristian & Grimaldi, Mara & Muazzam, Amina & Troisi, Orlando & Visvizi, Anna, 2024. "Digital divide, gender gap, and entrepreneurial orientation: How to foster technology adoption among Pakistani higher education students?," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    10. Raja Mazhar Hameed & Farah Bashir & Nida Zahid & Abdul Rafae Mazhar Raja, 2023. "Investigating How the Perception of Appraisal Politics and Bias Influence Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, with Trust Playing a Moderating Role among Employees," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 12(4), pages 189-204.
    11. Farrukh Abbas & Irfan Ullah & Raja Mazhar Hameed & Nida Zahid, 2024. "Perceived Information in Organizations by the Employees is Fruitful or not? A Theoretical Context," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(2), pages 918-924.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Farmer, Roger E.A. & Nicolò, Giovanni, 2018. "Keynesian economics without the Phillips curve," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 137-150.
    2. Seiler, Volker, 2024. "The relationship between Chinese and FOB prices of rare earth elements – Evidence in the time and frequency domain," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 160-179.
    3. Kandil, Magda & Woods, Jeffrey G., 1995. "A cross-industry examination of the Lucas misperceptions model," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 55-76.
    4. Valerie Cerra & Sweta Chaman Saxena, 2008. "Growth Dynamics: The Myth of Economic Recovery," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(1), pages 439-457, March.
    5. Herrera, Santiago, 2000. "Determinantes y composición del endeudamiento público en Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 2110, Inter-American Development Bank.
    6. Abdul Saboor & Shumaila Sadiq & Atta Ullah Khan & Gulnaz Hameed, 2017. "Dynamic Reflections of Crimes, Quasi Democracy and Misery Index in Pakistan," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 133(1), pages 31-45, August.
    7. Antoine d'Autume, 1992. "Coïntégration et modèles dynamiques," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 106(5), pages 71-83.
    8. Florian Eckert & Nina Mühlebach, 2021. "Global and Local Components of Output Gaps," KOF Working papers 21-497, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
    9. Ossama Mikhail & Curtis J. Eberwein & Jagdish Handa, 2003. "The Measurement of Persistence and Hysteresis in Aggregate Unemployment," Method and Hist of Econ Thought 0311002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Chen, Zeyu & Tang, Yuhong & Shen, Hebin & Liu, Jiali & Hu, Zheng, 2024. "Threshold effects of Government digital development and land resource disparity on Urban carbon efficiency in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    11. John Barkoulas & Christopher Baum & Mustafa Caglayan, 1999. "Fractional monetary dynamics," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(11), pages 1393-1400.
    12. Manuel Gonzalez-Astudillo & John M. Roberts, 2016. "When Can Trend-Cycle Decompositions Be Trusted?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-099, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    13. Cem Ertur & Antonio Musolesi, 2017. "Weak and Strong Cross‐Sectional Dependence: A Panel Data Analysis of International Technology Diffusion," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), pages 477-503, April.
    14. Christoph Hanck & Robert Czudaj, 2013. "Nonstationary-Volatility Robust Panel Unit Root Tests and the Great Moderation," Ruhr Economic Papers 0434, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universität Dortmund, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
    15. Roel van Elk & Marc van der Steeg & Dinand Webbink, 2013. "The effects of a special program for multi-problem school dropouts on educational enrolment, employment and criminal behaviour; Evidence from a field experiment," CPB Discussion Paper 241.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    16. Heinemann, Friedrich, 1994. "Central Europe and European monetary integration: a strategy for catching up," ZEW Discussion Papers 94-21, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    17. Fan, Yanqin & Gençay, Ramazan, 2010. "Unit Root Tests With Wavelets," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(5), pages 1305-1331, October.
    18. Marin, Dalia, 1992. "Is the Export-Led.Growth Hypothesis Valid for Industrialized Countries?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 74(4), pages 678-688, November.
    19. Froyen, Richard T & Waud, Roger N, 1988. "Real Business Cycles and the Lucas Paradigm," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 26(2), pages 183-201, April.
    20. Wang, Juan & Zhang, Dongxiang & Zhang, Jian, 2015. "Mean reversion in stock prices of seven Asian stock markets: Unit root test and stationary test with Fourier functions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 157-164.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:adx:journl:v:4:y:2022:i:3:p:196-204. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Iqbal Javed (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.scienceimpactpub.com/journals/index.php .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.