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Recycling of eco-taxes, labor market effects and the true cost of labor: a CGE analysis

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  • Löschel, Andreas
  • Conrad, Klaus

Abstract

Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling has provided a number of important insights about the interplay between environmental tax policy and the pre-existing tax system. In this paper, we emphasize that a labor market policy of recycling tax revenues from an environmental tax to lower employers? non-wage labor cost depends on how the costs of labor are modeled. We propose an approach which combines neoclassical substitutability and fixed factor proportions. Our concept implies a user cost of labor which consists of the market price of labor plus the costs of inputs associated with the employment of a worker. We present simulation results based on a CO2 tax and the recycling of its revenues to reduce the nonwage labor cost. One simulation is based on the market price of labor and the other on the user cost of labor. We found a double dividend under the first approach but not under the second one.

Suggested Citation

  • Löschel, Andreas & Conrad, Klaus, 2002. "Recycling of eco-taxes, labor market effects and the true cost of labor: a CGE analysis," ZEW Discussion Papers 02-31, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:866
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    Cited by:

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    2. Maruf Rahman Maxim & Kerstin Zander, 2019. "Can a Green Tax Reform Entail Employment Double Dividend in European and non-European Countries? A Survey of the Empirical Evidence," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(3), pages 218-228.
    3. Chung-Huang Huang & Wan-Ling Chou, 2012. "Dividends of Environmental Tax with Endogenized Time and Medical Expenditures," EcoMod2012 4307, EcoMod.
    4. Francisco Miguel-Vélez & Manuel Cardenete Flores & Jesús Pérez-Mayo, 2009. "Effects of the tax on retail sales of some fuels on a regional economy: a computable general equilibrium approach," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 43(3), pages 781-806, September.
    5. Maruf Rahman Maxim, 2020. "Environmental fiscal reform and the possibility of triple dividend in European and non-European countries: evidence from a meta-regression analysis," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 22(4), pages 633-656, October.
    6. Copenhagen Economics, 2008. "Reduced VAT for environmentally friendly products," Taxation Studies 0025, Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission.
    7. Kenneth Castellanos & Garth Heutel, 2024. "Unemployment, Labor Mobility, and Climate Policy," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 11(1), pages 1-40.
    8. Dannenberg, Astrid & Mennel, Tim & Moslener, Ulf, 2008. "What does Europe pay for clean energy?--Review of macroeconomic simulation studies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1318-1330, April.
    9. Chung-Fu Lai, 2016. "Examining the Double Dividend Effect of Energy Tax with the Overlapping Generations Model," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 6(1), pages 53-57.
    10. Manuel Alejandro Cardenete & M. Carmen Lima & Ferran Sancho, 2024. "Technology Determinants of Carbon Emissions from Demand and Supply Perspectives," Working Papers 1435, Barcelona School of Economics.
    11. Freire-González, Jaume, 2018. "Environmental taxation and the double dividend hypothesis in CGE modelling literature: A critical review," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 194-223.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Market-based environmental policy; carbon taxes; double dividend; computable general equilibrium modeling;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D58 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • Q25 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Water

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