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Politikkonvergenz und Politikdiffusion durch Regierungs- und Nichtregierungsorganisationen: Ein internationaler Vergleich von Umweltzeichen

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  • Kern, Kristine
  • Kissling-Näf, Ingrid

Abstract

Mit dem Vergleich zweier unterschiedlicher Systeme von Umweltzeichen, stellt diese Studie ein Politikinstrument ins Zentrum, das eine sehr viel schnellere Verbreitung gefunden hat als andere Politikinnovationen. Verglichen wird die Diffusion zweier unterschiedlicher Typen von Umweltzeichensystemen: (1) allgemeiner Umweltzeichensysteme wie dem deutschen Blauen Engel und (2) des Zertifizierungsprogramms des Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Zu Beginn werden drei unterschiedliche Erklärungen für Politikkonvergenz dargestellt: Konvergenz durch internationale Regime, regionale Integration und durch globale Politikdiffusion. Letztere gewinnt an Bedeutung aufgrund der Diffusionsprozesse, die durch die Entstehung internationaler, intergouvernementaler und transnationaler Transferinstitutionen ausgelöst werden. Es kann angenommen werden, dass staatliche oder halbstaatliche Transferinstitutionen (allgemeine Umweltzeichen) und nicht-staatliche Transferinstitutionen (FSC-Zertifikat) ähnliche Funktionen und Effekte haben. Wir gehen von der These aus, dass Umweltzeichen auch ohne signifikanten staatlichen Einfluss beschlossen werden, weltweite Verbreitung finden und sogar auf nationaler Ebene implementiert werden können. Darüber hinaus werden drei Erfolgsfaktoren für die nationale Performanz von Umweltzeichen identifiziert und analysiert: (1) die Charakteristika von Politikinnovationen (Zertifizierungskosten etc.), (2) die ökonomischen, gesellschaftlichen und politisch-institutionellen Handlungskapazitäten, (3) die Koexistenz von und der Wettbewerb zwischen verschiedenen Systemen von Umweltzeichen, die zu konvergierenden Standards führen können. Auf dieser Basis werden einige Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich der allgemeinen Performanz transnationaler Netzwerkorganisationen, wie dem FSC, gezogen.

Suggested Citation

  • Kern, Kristine & Kissling-Näf, Ingrid, 2002. "Politikkonvergenz und Politikdiffusion durch Regierungs- und Nichtregierungsorganisationen: Ein internationaler Vergleich von Umweltzeichen," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Standard-setting and Environment FS II 02-302, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbsse:fsii02302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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