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The good, the bad, and the ugly: Esping-Andersen's regime typology and the religious roots of the Western welfare state

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  • Manow, Philip

Abstract

Esping-Andersen's 'Three World of Welfare Capitalism' has been the most influential contribution of recent years to the comparative welfare state research literature. According to Esping-Andersen, the welfare state basically comes in three variants: as a social-democratic, a conservative, or as a liberal regime. Yet, at a closer look particularly the conservative regime type proves to be a highly problematic category. The article claims that major problems of the 'three worlds'-typology originate from Esping-Andersen's sole focus on the class conflict, whereas he only very selectively accounts for the importance of religious cleavages. Major empirical problems of his approach vanish once we take into account not only the impact of the Catholic social doctrine on the development of the welfare state, but consider also the influence of social Protestantism, especially that of reformed, 'free', disestablished or dissenting Protestantism. The paper substantiates this claim with data-analysis for the early formative period of welfare state formation (1890-1920) and for its times of growth and crisis (1960s-1990).

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  • Manow, Philip, 2004. "The good, the bad, and the ugly: Esping-Andersen's regime typology and the religious roots of the Western welfare state," MPIfG Working Paper 04/3, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mpifgw:043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scharpf, Fritz W., 1997. "Employment and the welfare state: A continental dilemma," MPIfG Working Paper 97/7, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    2. Disney, Richard, 2000. "Crises in Public Pension Programmes in OECD: What Are the Reform Options?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 110(461), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Esping-Andersen, Gosta, 1999. "Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198742005.
    4. Kimberly J. Morgan, 2002. "Forging the Frontiers Between State, Church, and Family: Religious Cleavages and the Origins of Early Childhood Education and Care Policies in France, Sweden, and Germany," Politics & Society, , vol. 30(1), pages 113-148, March.
    5. Hinrichs, Karl, 2000. "Elephants on the move. Patterns of public pension reform in OECD countries," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(3), pages 353-378, July.
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    1. Grigoriadis, Theocharis, 2016. "Religious origins of democracy & dictatorship," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 785-809.
    2. Justin Beaumont, 2008. "Faith Action on Urban Social Issues," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(10), pages 2019-2034, September.
    3. Trampusch, Christine, 2004. "Sozialpolitik durch Tarifvertrag in den Niederlanden: Die Rolle der industriellen Beziehungen in der Liberalisierung des Wohlfahrtsstaates," MPIfG Discussion Paper 04/12, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    4. Agustín Molina Morales & Ignacio Amate Fortes & Almudena Guarnido, 2013. "Institutions and Public Expenditure on Education in OECD Countries," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 204(1), pages 67-84, March.
    5. Basedau, Matthias & Gobien, Simone & Prediger, Sebastian, 2017. "The Ambivalent Role of Religion for Sustainable Development: A Review of the Empirical Evidence," GIGA Working Papers 297, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.

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