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Cap and Trade versus tradable performance standard: A comparison for Europe and China

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  • Burgold, Peter
  • Ernst, Anne
  • Hinterlang, Natascha
  • Jäger, Marius
  • Stähler, Nikolai

Abstract

In this paper, we compare the economic and welfare implications of two carbon pricing policies, namely the European Cap and Trade (CaT) regime and the Chinese Tradeable Performance Standard (TPS). The former sets an economy-wide emissions target and forces firms to purchase sufficient certificates. The latter sets an emissions intensity and requires firms with a higher intensity to either abate or buy emissions allowances from firms with lower-than-target intensities. It can be shown that TPS is equivalent to CaT when carbon pricing revenues are redistributed to firms according to output. In a dynamic multi-sector general equilibrium TANK model, we show that TPS outperforms a CaT regime that redistributes carbon revenues to households in a lump-sum manner, both, in terms of output gains and welfare due to lower costs on the production side. However, CaT with labor tax reduction increases welfare most because it alleviates distortions on the production side and improves the income situation of all households.

Suggested Citation

  • Burgold, Peter & Ernst, Anne & Hinterlang, Natascha & Jäger, Marius & Stähler, Nikolai, 2025. "Cap and Trade versus tradable performance standard: A comparison for Europe and China," Discussion Papers 02/2025, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdps:311837
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Carbon Pricing; Cap and Trade; Tradable Performance Standard; Dynamic General Equilibrium Model; Sectoral Heterogeneity; Input-Output Matrix;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H32 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Firm
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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