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On the Desirability of an Efficiency Defense in Merger Control

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  • Johan Lagerlöf
  • Paul Heidhues

Abstract

We develop a model in which two firms that have proposed to merge are privately informed about merger-specific efficiencies. This enables the firms to influence the merger control procedure by strategically revealing their information to an antitrust authority. Although the information improves upon the quality of the authority's decision, the influence activities may be detrimental to welfare if information processing/gathering is excessively costly. Whether this is the case depends on the merger control institution and, in particular, whether it involves an efficiency defense. We derive the optimal institution and provide conditions under which an efficiency defense is desirable. We also discuss the implications for antitrust policy and outline a three-step procedure that take the influence activities into consideration. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Wann ist eine Effizienzverteidigung in der Fusionskontrolle wünschenswert?) Eine Effizienzverteidigung in der Fusionskontrolle besagt, dass wettbewerbsbeschränkende Fusionen dann erlaubt werden, wenn hinreichend große Synergieeffekte zu erwarten sind. Mögliche Synergieeffekte einer Fusion sind jedoch hauptsächlich den fusionierenden Unternehmen bekannt. Eine Effizienzverteidigung ermöglicht es den fusionierenden Unternehmen, die Entscheidung der Wettbewerbsbehörde zu beeinflussen, indem sie der Wettbewerbsbehörde ihre Informationen strategisch weitergeben (oder zurückhalten). Die Autoren untersuchen, ob und wann eine Effizienzverteidigung aus gesellschaftlicher Sicht wünschenswert ist. Hierzu entwickeln sie ein Model, in dem Unternehmen, die fusionieren möchten, private Informationen über die Synergieeffekte der Fusion besitzen. Die Unternehmen können die Entscheidung der Wettbewerbsbehörde beeinflussen, indem sie ihre Informationen strategisch an die Wettbewerbsbehörde weiterleiten. Obwohl die Informationen über Synergien die Entscheidung der Wettbewerbsbehörde verbessern, kann die Einflussnahme der Firmen die Wohlfahrt verringern, falls die Firmen zu viel in das Sammeln und Verarbeiten dieser Informationen investieren. Ob dies der Fall ist, hängt von der Ausgestaltung der Fusionskontrolle ab und insbesondere davon, ob die Fusionskontrolle eine Effizienzverteidigung zulässt. In dem theoretischen Model wird die optimale Fusionskontrollinstitution hergeleitet und Bedingungen herausgearbeitet unter denen eine Effizienzverteidigung wünschenswert ist. Die Autoren erörtern die Implikationen des Modells für die Fusionspolitik und entwickeln ein Drei-Stufen-Verfahren für Fusionsentscheidungen, welches die Einflussaktivitäten der Unternehmen berücksichtigt.

Suggested Citation

  • Johan Lagerlöf & Paul Heidhues, 2002. "On the Desirability of an Efficiency Defense in Merger Control," CIG Working Papers FS IV 02-08, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
  • Handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:fsiv02-08
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Lobbying; Rent Seeking; Asymmetric Information; Disclosure; Efficiency Gains; Antitrust;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • L40 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - General

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