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Worker Morale in Russia: An Exploratory Study

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  • Susan J. linz
  • Linda K. Good
  • Patricia Huddleston

Abstract

Despite unanimous agreement in the existing literature that morale influences employee performance, no well-defined measure of morale exists. Our study develops a robust measure of morale and focuses on the factors that influence morale among Russian workers. Survey data were collected from Russian employees at two different points in time, 1995 and 2002, in five Russian cities. Among the workers participating in our study, expectation of receiving a desired reward contributes to high morale, with expected monetary rewards having a larger influence than expected non-monetary rewards, but praise for a job well done and a feeling of accomplishment also contribute positively to employee morale. There is a significant correlation between positive attitudes toward work and morale, and a positive correlation between performance assessment and morale. Demographic characteristics (age and gender) have no discernable influence on morale when controls are included for work experience.

Suggested Citation

  • Susan J. linz & Linda K. Good & Patricia Huddleston, 2006. "Worker Morale in Russia: An Exploratory Study," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 816, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    • Handle: RePEc:wdi:papers:2006-816
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Linz, Susan J., 2004. "Motivating Russian workers: analysis of age and gender differences," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 261-289, July.
    2. Susan J. Linz, 1996. "Gender Differences in the Russian Labor Market," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 161-185, March.
    3. Gary Krueger & Susan J. Linz, 2000. "Virtual Reality: Barter and Restructuring in Russian Industry," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 465, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    4. Norsworthy, J R & Zabala, Craig A, 1990. "Worker Attitudes and the Cost of Production: Hypothesis Tests in an Equilibrium Model," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 28(1), pages 57-78, January.
    5. Peter Howitt, 2002. "Looking Inside the Labor Market: A Review Article," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 40(1), pages 125-138, March.
    6. Linz, Susan J, 1995. "Do Job Rights Govern Employment Patterns in Transition Economies?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 85(2), pages 425-431, May.
    7. Norsworthy, J. R. & Zabala, C. A., 1982. "A note on introducing a measure of worker attitude in cost function estimation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 10(1-2), pages 185-191.
    8. Fred Luthans & Dianne H B Welsh & Stuart A Rosenkrantz, 1993. "What Do Russian Managers Really Do? An Observational Study with Comparisons to U.S. Managers," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 24(4), pages 741-761, December.
    9. Susan J. Linz, 2002. "Job Satisfaction Among Russian Workers," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 468, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    10. Bakacsi, Gyula & Sándor, Takács & András, Karácsonyi & Viktor, Imrek, 2002. "Eastern european cluster: tradition and transition," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 69-80, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Linz, Susan J. & Semykina, Anastasia, 2008. "Attitudes and performance: An analysis of Russian workers," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 694-717, April.
    2. Susan J. Linz & Anastasia Semykina, 2012. "What Makes Workers Happy? Anticipated Rewards and Job Satisfaction," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 811-844, October.
    3. Bhupendra Kumar Verma & Bikrant Kesari, 2020. "Does the Morale Impact on Employee Turnover Intention? An Empirical Investigation in the Indian Steel Industry," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 21(6), pages 1466-1488, December.
    4. Shadreck Mtambo, 2024. "Effects of Labour Broking on Employee Morale – A Case Study of Fert, Seeds & Grains (FSG) Superfert Pvt Ltd, Bindura, Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(1), pages 426-469, November.
    5. Ashill, Nick & Abuelsamen, Amjad & Gibbs, Tanya & Semaan, Rania W., 2022. "Understanding organization-customer links in a service setting in Russia," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    6. Anastasia Semykina & Susan J. Linz, 2013. "Job Satisfaction and Perceived Gender Equality in Advanced Promotion Opportunities: An Empirical Investigation," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(4), pages 591-619, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Morale; Russia; Expected rewards; Motivation; Performance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • P23 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
    • J28 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
    • J33 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

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