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Réduire le temps de travail pour améliorer l’emploi des moins qualifiés ?Une évaluation socio-économique ex-ante du passage à la semaine de 4 jours au sein de l’Agence Bruxelles-Propreté

Author

Listed:
  • Océane Bertrand
  • Maxime Fontaine
  • Thomas Hausmann

Abstract

L’évaluation des effets d’une réduction du temps de travail est difficile à réaliser, particulièrement en raison de l’absence de consensus sur la méthode à utiliser. Il s’agit pourtant d’une volonté récurrente des pouvoirs publics, avec des applications régulières. Dans ce contexte, cet article a pour objectif d’étudier la faisabilité d’une réduction collective du temps de travail (RCTT), selon la formule de la semaine de 4 jours (RTT 4 jours), pour les personnes peu qualifiées travaillant en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (RBC). Le cas spécifique de Bruxelles-Propreté est analysé dans une perspective de généralisation. Sur la base d’hypothèses préalablement établies, le nombre de travailleurs concernés par la RTT au sein de l’agence et le nombre d’embauches compensatoires sont estimés afin d’évaluer le coût de la mesure. Selon le scénario considéré, celui-ci varie entre une augmentation de 0,2% et de 15,2% de la masse salariale de Bruxelles-Propreté. Une analyse complémentaire estime ensuite l’impact de l’implémentation de la RTT 4 jours en RBC en termes de finances publiques. Les résultats indiquent que les mesures d’aide fédérale destinées aux entreprises mettant en place une RTT et les effets retour générés par la création d’emplois sous la forme d’impôts et de cotisations sociales à la suite de l’engagement de nouveaux travailleurs et de diminution des dépenses de chômage permettent d’atténuer le coût de la RTT 4 jours. L’organisation institutionnelle complexe de la Belgique se traduit toutefois par des effets retour qui se retrouvent dans leur grande majorité au niveau fédéral et au niveau de la sécurité sociale alors que la mesure est portée par la RBC.

Suggested Citation

  • Océane Bertrand & Maxime Fontaine & Thomas Hausmann, 2021. "Réduire le temps de travail pour améliorer l’emploi des moins qualifiés ?Une évaluation socio-économique ex-ante du passage à la semaine de 4 jours au sein de l’Agence Bruxelles-Propreté," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/338537, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    • Handle: RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/338537
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    References listed on IDEAS

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