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Desigualdad: una revisión actualizada
[Inequality: Un updated review]

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso Novales Cinca

    (Universidad Complutense de Madrid and ICAE (Spain).)

Abstract

Hasta hace poco tiempo, la desigualdad era considerada uno de los graves problemas a los que se enfrentaban los países en vías de desarrollo, en común con las agudas situaciones de pobreza que generalmente sufrían. Pero la crisis financiera de 2008, la pandemia de la COVID-19 y la mayor sensibilización por el cambio climático han hecho que instituciones multinacionales, foros económicos, y personas significadas proclamen repetidamente que la desigualdad es uno de los mayores desafíos de nuestro tiempo. Hoy creemos que la desigualdad es un reto global, que debilita la cohesión social, hace más vulnerables a las economías, y es síntoma y preludio de otros males. Este trabajo intenta ser una síntesis actualizada de algunos desarrollos en materia de desigualdad. Comenzamos revisando los diversos tipos de desigualdad y sus medidas, examinando su situación actual, y considerando los efectos de la pandemia. Se analizan las razones por las que debe preocuparnos la desigualdad, distinguiendo entre igualdad de oportunidades e igualdad de resultados. Tras examinar la evidencia disponible acerca de las posibles causas de desigualdad, se describen las distintas actuaciones que pueden conducir a su reducción, prestando atención a la diferencia entre pre-distribución y redistribución, pues ambas deben considerarse importantes.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso Novales Cinca, 2022. "Desigualdad: una revisión actualizada [Inequality: Un updated review]," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2022-02, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucm:doicae:2202
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Desigualdad; Cohesión social; Igualdad de oportunidades.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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