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Discriminations ethniques dans l’accès au logement : une expérimentation en Nouvelle-Calédonie

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Listed:
  • Mathieu Bunel
  • Samuel Gorohouna
  • Yannick L'Horty
  • Pascale Petit
  • Catherine Ris

Abstract

Dans cette étude, nous mesurons les discriminations dans l'accès au logement dans le Grand Nouméa, selon l'origine ethnique, en distinguant les origines kanak et européennes, et selon le quartier de résidence. Entre octobre 2015 et février 2016, nous avons répondu à 342 annonces en présentant 4 candidats à la location pour chaque annonce, soit 1368 réponses à des annonces immobilières. Deux de nos candidats signalent par leur patronyme leur origine kanak, deux signalent une origine européenne. Dans chaque paire, un candidat donne un signal de stabilité financière et professionnelle en indiquant explicitement qu'il est fonctionnaire. L'étude consiste à exploiter statistiquement ces données en les croisant avec la répartition ethnique des quartiers, la Nouvelle-Calédonie étant, avec Wallis et Futuna et la Polynésie française, la seule entité de l'Espace Républicain français à recenser l'appartenance ethnique de ses habitants. Nous trouvons une forte discrimination dans l'accès au parc locatif privé à l'encontre des candidats kanak. Cette discrimination est liée aux comportements des propriétaires et dans une moindre mesure à l'action des agences immobilières. Les difficultés d'accès au logement relèvent uniquement d'une discrimination liée à la précarité sociale des Kanak dans les quartiers où les Kanak sont les plus représentés. Elles sont liées de surcroît à une discrimination ethnique à l'encontre des Kanak dans les quartiers où résident de manière très majoritaire des Européens. Les offreurs de logement jouent ainsi une part active dans la ségrégation résidentielle.
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  • Mathieu Bunel & Samuel Gorohouna & Yannick L'Horty & Pascale Petit & Catherine Ris, 2016. "Discriminations ethniques dans l’accès au logement : une expérimentation en Nouvelle-Calédonie," TEPP Research Report 2016-08, TEPP.
  • Handle: RePEc:tep:tepprr:rr16-08
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    Cited by:

    1. Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L'Horty & Loïc du Parquet & Pascale Petit, 2017. "Les discriminations dans l’accès au logement à Paris : Une expérience contrôlée," TEPP Research Report 2017-01, TEPP.
    2. Flage, Alexandre, 2018. "Ethnic and gender discrimination in the rental housing market: Evidence from a meta-analysis of correspondence tests, 2006–2017," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 251-273.
    3. Alexandre Flage, 2018. "Ethnic and Gender Discrimination in Rental Housing Market, Evidence from Meta-Analysis of Correspondence Tests, 2006-2017," Working Papers 2018-04, CRESE.

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