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Les disparitions du monde industriel : fermetures d'usines et retrait de capitaux

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  • Baldwin, John R.

Abstract

Les disparitions d'usines sont une conséquence de l'échec des entreprises qui sortent d'un secteur. Ces disparitions sont également associées au renouvellement qui se produit lorsque les entreprises existantes ferment des usines et modernisent leurs installations de production et lorsqu'elles démarrent de nouvelles usines. Le taux de disparition d'usines a une incidence sur l'ampleur du changement qui se produit sur les marchés du capital et du travail. Les disparitions d'usines entraînent des pertes d'emplois et d'importants coûts sur le plan humain lorsque les employés sont obligés de chercher d'autre travail. Le processus de disparition entraîne également des pertes en capital, soit la perte de l'investissement fait par le système industriel dans la capacité de production. Nous nous fondons ici sur les données sur les disparitions d'usines pour fournir de nouveaux renseignements sur la durée de vie probable du capital investi dans les usines. Dans la présente étude, nous mesurons le taux de disparition de nouvelles usines dans le secteur canadien de la fabrication au cours d'une période de 40 ans. Nous élaborons un profil du taux de disparition des usines entrantes au fil du temps. En moyenne, 14 % des nouvelles usines disparaissent au cours de leur première année d'exploitation. Plus de la moitié des nouvelles usines disparaissent avant d'atteindre leur sixième anniversaire. Quinze ans après leur entrée, moins de 20 % demeurent en exploitation. Les usines de fabrication ont donc une durée de vie relativement courte. En moyenne, la durée de vie d'une nouvelle usine est de neuf ans seulement (17 ans si la moyenne est pondérée par l'emploi). Ces taux varient selon le secteur industriel. On observe la durée de vie la plus longue (13 ans) dans

Suggested Citation

  • Baldwin, John R., 2005. "Les disparitions du monde industriel : fermetures d'usines et retrait de capitaux," Série de documents de recherche sur l'analyse économique (AE) 2005033f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp5f:2005033f
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baldwin,John R. & Gorecki,Paul With contributions by-Name:Caves,Richard E. With contributions by-Name:Dunne,Tim With contributions by-Name:Haltiwanger,John, 1998. "The Dynamics of Industrial Competition," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521633574, January.
      • Baldwin,John R. & Gorecki,Paul With contributions by-Name:Caves,Richard E. With contributions by-Name:Dunne,Tim With contributions by-Name:Haltiwanger,John, 1995. "The Dynamics of Industrial Competition," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521465618, January.
    2. Jacobson, Louis S & LaLonde, Robert J & Sullivan, Daniel G, 1993. "Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(4), pages 685-709, September.
    3. William J. Carrington, 1993. "Wage Losses for Displaced Workers: Is It Really the Firm That Matters?," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 28(3), pages 435-462.
    4. Valerie A. Ramey & Matthew D. Shapiro, 2001. "Displaced Capital: A Study of Aerospace Plant Closings," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 109(5), pages 958-992, October.
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