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Le faible revenu chronique et la dynamique du faible revenu chez les nouveaux immigrants

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  • Hou, Feng
  • Picot, Garnett
  • Coulombe, Simon

Abstract

La deterioration des resultats economiques chez les nouveaux immigrants arrives au pays durant les annees 1980 et 1990 a suscite de vives inquietudes dans la population et de nombreux debats strategiques. En 1993, de nouvelles modifications ont ete apportees aux procedures de selection des immigrants afin de relever leur niveau de scolarite et d'accroitre la proportion d'immigrants dans la categorie economique des travailleurs . En 2000, le niveau de scolarite des nouveaux immigrants et leur proportion dans la categorie des travailleurs qualifies avaient fortement augmente. Etant donne ces changements ainsi que d'autres, nous nous penchons plus particulierement dans cette etude sur trois questions : (1) la question de savoir si les resultats sur le plan economique des nouveaux immigrants se sont ameliores apres 2000 (la derniere date pour laquelle le recensement fournit ces renseignements), (2) la dynamique du faible revenu chez les cohortes successives de nouveaux immigrants, y compris la variation des probabilites d'entree et de sortie, et l'etendue du faible revenu chez les cohortes successives, et (3) la question de savoir si le niveau de scolarite a la hausse et la proportion croissante d'immigrants appartenant a la categorie des travailleurs a entraine des ameliorations sur le plan des resultats economiques tels que mesures par l'entree dans la pauvrete, la sortie de celle ci et le faible revenu chronique. En nous fondant sur les donnees de la banque de Donnees administratives longitudinales (DAL) et la Base de donnees longitudinales sur les immigrants (BDIM), nous constatons que les taux de faible revenu chez les nouveaux immigrants se sont deteriores apres 2000. En 2002, les taux de faible revenu des immigrants durant leur premiere annee complete au Canada etaient 3,5 fois plus eleves que ceux des personnes nees au Canada et ils etaient 3,2 fois plus eleves en 2004. Ces taux etaient superieurs a ceux affiches tout au long des annees 1990 (oscillant autour de 3,0). Toutefois, cette augmentation des taux de faible revenu etait concentree chez les immigrants qui etaient arrives tout recemment (au Canada depuis un an ou deux), ce qui laisse supposer un plus grand probleme d'adaptation a court terme durant les annees 2000 comparativement aux annees 1990. Ce phenomene pourrait s'expliquer en partie par le repli du secteur technologique apres 2000, la proportion de nouveaux immigrants dans les professions liees aux technologies de l'information et au genie ayant fortement augmente durant les annees 1990. La plupart des immigrants qui sont arrives au Canada durant les annees 1990 ont connu une periode de faible revenu a un moment donne durant leurs dix premieres annees au Canada (soit environ 65 %). La plupart de ceux qui sont entres en situation de faible revenu l'ont fait durant leur premiere annee au Canada, cette probabilite se situant alors dans l'ordre de 34 % et 46 %, selon la cohorte

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  • Hou, Feng & Picot, Garnett & Coulombe, Simon, 2007. "Le faible revenu chronique et la dynamique du faible revenu chez les nouveaux immigrants," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2007294f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:2007294f
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    File URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/fr/catalogue/11F0019M2007294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Nong Zhu & Denise Helly, 2014. "L'inégalité, la pauvreté et l'intégration économique des immigrants au Canada," CIRANO Working Papers 2014s-15, CIRANO.
    2. Sylvie Paré & Kelogue Therasme, 2010. "Entrepreneurs in the new economy: Immigration and sex effects in the Montreal metropolitan area," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 8(2), pages 218-232, June.

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