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Mariage, maternite et remuneration : le choix du moment importe-t-il?

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  • Drolet, Marie

Abstract

Si l'on s'en tient aux tendances concernant le mariage et aux courbes de fecondite observees aujourd'hui, les jeunes femmes canadiennes retardent le moment de fonder une famille pour se concentrer sur leur perfectionnement professionnel et leur carriere. Fondee sur les resultats de l'Enquete sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu de 1998, la presente etude fournit des donnees canadiennes ayant trait a l'effet de l'etat matrimonial et de la situation parentale sur le taux salarial des Canadiennes. En outre, elle vise a preciser si les decisions concernant le moment de la fondation d'une famille influent sur la remuneration des femmes et si leur effet sur les gains est permanent ou provisoire. Les principaux resultats de l'etude sont les suivants. Si l'on tient compte de l'effet des antecedents professionnels, des qualifications sur le marche du travail et de certaines caracteristiques de l'emploi, l'analyse transversale donne a penser qu'il n'existe aucune association entre l'etat matrimonial et la remuneration, tandis qu'elle fournit des donnees contradictoires sur le lien entre la remuneration et la maternite. Si l'on tient compte en outre de l'effet du nombre d'annees ecoulees depuis la naissance du premier enfant, on observe une association positive entre la maternite et la remuneration qui persiste les premieres annees, mais diminue a mesure qu'augmente le nombre d'annees de travail en ayant des enfants. Ces resultats appuient les hypotheses de la specialisation, de la selection, du traitement discriminatoire des employeurs et du temps consacre au travail avancees pour expliquer les ecarts entre la remuneration des meres et celles des autres femmes. Par contre, on n'obtient aucun resultat de ce genre pour les femmes mariees et la duree du mariage. Il est bien demontre que l'acquisition des competences professionnelles et l'augmentation rapide de la remuneration ont lieu principalement au debut de la carriere, lequel coincide generalement avec la periode ou sont prises les decisions de se marier et d'avoir des enfants. Le cas echeant, le moment du mariage et celui de la venue des enfants pourraient etre consideres comme des approximations des caracteristiques inobservees et omises dans le modele, relatives au capital humain, aux antecedents professionnels ou a l'attachement au marche du travail. Conformement aux attentes theoriques, si l'on tient compte de l'effet du moment de la maternite, le salaire des femmes qui retardent le moment d'avoir des enfants est superieur d'au moins 6,0 % a celui des femmes dont la maternite est precoce. Par contre, on n'observe aucune association significative entre le moment du mariage et la remuneration. Le lien entre la remuneration des femmes et leur decision de remettre la maternite a plus tard a tendance a persister apres la naissance du premier enfant, mais a diminuer au fil du temps. Donc, l'augmentation des responsabilites familiales a tendance a reduire tout avantage sal

Suggested Citation

  • Drolet, Marie, 2002. "Mariage, maternite et remuneration : le choix du moment importe-t-il?," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2002186f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:stc:stcp3f:2002186f
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    File URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/fr/catalogue/11F0019M2002186
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    References listed on IDEAS

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