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How to Integrate Disability Benefits into an Individual Account System: The Chilean Model

Author

Listed:
  • Estelle James
  • Augusto Iglesias

    (Studies Division, Chilean Pension Supervisor)

Abstract

El sistema de seguro de invalidez en Chile es mucho menos conocido que el de pensiones, pero es igualmente innovador. Difiere de los sistemas más tradicionales de dos maneras: (1) las prestaciones son en gran medida financiadas por las cuentas individuales de retiro, y complementadas adicionalmente al determinarse la invalidez permanente del individuo; y (2) el proceso de evaluación de invalidez incluye la participación de los fondos privados de pensiones y las compañías de seguro, quienes financian el complemento a la cuenta individual y tienen un interés directo en controlar sus costos. Si un trabajador es declarado inválido permanente, el saldo de su cuenta individual recibe un aporte complementario tal que permite financiar una renta vitalicia por un monto de 70% de salario de referencia en el caso de invalidez completa, y de 50% en caso de invalidez parcial. Cada fondo de pensiones debe adquirir un seguro grupal que permita financiar dicho aporte. Este artículo describe la activa participación en el proceso de calificación que tienen los fondos de pensiones y compañías de seguro que proveen el aporte complementario y que tienen el incentivo de limitar la probabilidad de siniestros por invalidez. El artículo también simula el impacto sobre los costos de esta prestación de beneficio definido que tiene el pre-fondeo provisto por las cuentas individuales. En relación a esto, encontramos que el pre-fondeo incrementa el costo anual en el corto plazo pero lo disminuye en el largo plazo. En estado estacionario el monto acumulado en la cuenta individual de un trabajador cubre cerca de la mitad del costo total anual, y el aporte adicional se reduce incluso más, hasta cerca de un cuarto de lo que sería en un sistema de reparto puro. El pre-fondeo hace el costo del seguro de invalidez menos sensible al envejecimiento de la población, pero más sensible a la volatilidad de la tasa de interés. El cobro de una prima única por el seguro genera subsidios cruzados, y en un mercado competitivo, incentivos a seleccionar los mejores riesgos. Parte de las reducciones de costo a las compañías de seguro pueden implicar una obligación fiscal futura mayor, debido a la pensión mínima garantizada. .

Suggested Citation

  • Estelle James & Augusto Iglesias, 2006. "How to Integrate Disability Benefits into an Individual Account System: The Chilean Model," Working Papers 18, Superintendencia de Pensiones, revised May 2007.
  • Handle: RePEc:sdp:sdpwps:18
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    File URL: https://repec.spensiones.cl/repec/3_doctrabajos/18_2006_how_integrate_disability_benefits_individual_account_system.pdf
    File Function: Revised version, 2007
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Patrick Wiese, 2006. "Financing Disability Benefits In A System Of Individual Accounts: Lessons From International Experience," Working Papers, Center for Retirement Research at Boston College wp2006-4, Center for Retirement Research.
    2. Solange Berstein & Guillermo Larraín & Francisco Pino, 2005. "Cobertura, densidad y pensiones en Chile: Proyecciones a 20 años plazo," Working Papers 12, Superintendencia de Pensiones, revised Nov 2005.
    3. Salvador Valdés & Eduardo Navarro, 1992. "Subsidios Cruzados en el Seguro de Invalidez y Sobrevivencia del Nuevo Sistema Previsional Chileno," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 29(88), pages 409-442.
    4. Rubén Castro, 2005. "Seguro de invalidez y sobrevivencia: Qué es y qué le está pasando," Working Papers 5, Superintendencia de Pensiones, revised May 2005.
    5. Alberto Arenas de Mesa & Jere Behrman & David Bravo, 2001. "Characteristics of and determinants of the density of contributions in a Private Social Security System," Working Papers wp077, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center.
    6. Salvador Valdés & Eduardo Navarro, "undated". "Subsidios Cruzados en el Seguro de Invalidez y Sobrevivencia," Documentos de Trabajo 130, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
    7. James, Estelle & Martinez, Guillermo & Iglesias, Augusto, 2006. "The payout stage in Chile: who annuitizes and why?," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(2), pages 121-154, July.
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    Keywords

    disability insurance system;

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