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Modèles et individus de l’organisation (Patterns and individuals of organization )

Author

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  • Chrystelle Gaujard

    (labrii, ULCO)

Abstract

L’organisation est une entité complexe que beaucoup d’auteurs ont cherché à comprendre dans toutes ses dimensions. C’est pour cette raison que des outils de lecture, comme les modèles ont été créés. Lorsque l’on observe « l’histoire des organisations », trois grands paradigmes se distinguent: tout d’abord le courant Tayloriste, basé sur la mécanisation des tâches, ensuite un courant venu Outre-atlantique, incarné par le système de management par objectif, et, enfin, dans les années 80, un courant « made in Japon », marqué par la qualité. Grâce aux travaux de nombreux sociologues, les salariés ont été considérés comme des individus, dotés de comportements, d’attitudes. Car, plus que des processus, des procédures et des outils, l’organisation est composée d’êtres humains qui ont vécu et qui ont intégré des valeurs selon leurs époques. Les générations sociales montrent que les individus sont imprégnés des événements économiques, des avancées technologiques, du contexte politique. Ces mêmes « événements » insufflent le changement au coeur des organisations : délocalisation des lieux de production, développement des compétences agrandissement des marchés, réseaux internationaux... Organization is a complex entity which several authors wanted to understand in its all dimensions. It’s the reason why some tools were created, like models. From an historic point of view the « Organizational Review » there are 3 main paradigms. The first one has been built from Taylor’s vision which is based on the tasks mechanization. The second one has been emerged through the management by objectives. The third one has been pushed by the Japanese management and its quality politic. Thanks to sociologists’ works, employees have been considered as individuals who can develop behaviour and have the ability to influence the company’s structure. Individuals have integrated the economic, social and politic context in their behaviour. Those contexts have the capability to modify the companies. We can observe many changes within companies: arise of the offshore activities, competences improvement, international markets…

Suggested Citation

  • Chrystelle Gaujard, 2004. "Modèles et individus de l’organisation (Patterns and individuals of organization )," Working Papers 71, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.
    • Handle: RePEc:rii:riidoc:71
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ouchi, William, 1981. "Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 82-83.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Organisation; théorie X; théorie Y; théorie Z; salarié; contingence/ organization; theory X; theory Y; theory Z; quality; employee;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M54 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Labor Management

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